---
type: "Book"
knowledge_type: "book"
entity_type: "book"
id: "66ae541b191fdf5766655c06"
title: "Politics in India Since Independence"
board: "CBSE"
curriculum: "CBSE"
class_id: "66ab5807ffbb5019db722158"
class: "Class 12"
class_name: "Class 12"
class_slug: "class-12"
class_canonical_url: "https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12"
class_markdown_url: "https://www.edzy.ai/okf/class/cbse-class-12.md"
subject_id: "66ab5c44543b6f461d7a9d3f"
subject: "Political Science"
subject_slug: "class-12-political-science"
subject_canonical_url: "https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-political-science"
subject_markdown_url: "https://www.edzy.ai/okf/subject/cbse-class-12-political-science.md"
book: "Politics in India Since Independence"
book_slug: "politics-in-india-since-independence"
canonical_url: "https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence"
markdown_url: "https://www.edzy.ai/okf/book/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence.md"
source_type: "examSubjectBook"
source_id: "66ae541b191fdf5766655c06"
source: "Edzy"
chapter_count: "8"
topic_count: "53"
version: "1"
last_updated: "2026-06-24"
svg_icon: "https://edzy-ai.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/academic/class-12/66ae541b191fdf5766655c06.svg"
book_svg_icon: "https://edzy-ai.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/academic/class-12/66ae541b191fdf5766655c06.svg"
subject_svg_icon: "https://edzy-ai.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/edzy-express-ts/f90df39b-fe1d-4907-85b6-d96f68a58a6e.svg"
color_name: "Crimson Berry"
color_light_foreground: "#AB1345"
color_light_background: "#FFD3E1"
color_dark_foreground: "#C32A5C"
color_dark_background: "#471626"

---

Politics in India Since Independence is a CBSE Class 12 book for the subject Political Science on Edzy.

## Knowledge Snapshot

| Field         | Details                          |
| :------------ | :------------------------------- |
| Board         | CBSE        |
| Curriculum    | CBSE   |
| Class         | Class 12 |
| Subject       | Political Science  |
| Book          | Politics in India Since Independence     |
| Book Slug     | politics-in-india-since-independence         |
| Chapter Count | 8 |
| Topic Count   | 53   |
| Last Updated  | 2026-06-24  |

## Book Overview

The book belongs to Class 12 and covers the subject of Political Science under the CBSE board and curriculum. The chapters and topics listed form the available book-level OKF inventory.

## OKF Hierarchy

| Level   | Title                            | Canonical URL                           | Markdown URL                            |
| :------ | :------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------- |
| Class   | Class 12 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12   | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/class/cbse-class-12.md   |
| Subject | Political Science  | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-political-science | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/subject/cbse-class-12-political-science.md |
| Book    | Politics in India Since Independence     | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence        | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/book/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence.md        |

## Chapter Index

| No.             | Chapter         | Pages                                     | Page Count                | Topics                             | Canonical URL           | Markdown URL           |
| :-------------- | :-------------- | :---------------------------------------- | :------------------------ | :--------------------------------- | :---------------------- | :--------------------- |
| 1 | Challenges of nation building | 2-25 | 24 | 5 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-challenges-of-nation-building | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-challenges-of-nation-building.md |
| 2 | Era of one-party dominance | 26-43 | 18 | 6 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-era-of-one-party-dominance | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-era-of-one-party-dominance.md |
| 3 | Politics of planned development | 44-53 | 10 | 8 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-politics-of-planned-development | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-politics-of-planned-development.md |
| 4 | India’s external relations | 54-71 | 18 | 7 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-indias-external-relations | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-indias-external-relations.md |
| 5 | Challenges to and restoration of the congress system | 72-91 | 20 | 8 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-challenges-to-and-restoration-of-the-congress-system | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-challenges-to-and-restoration-of-the-congress-system.md |
| 6 | The crisis of democratic order | 92-111 | 20 | 8 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-the-crisis-of-democratic-order | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-the-crisis-of-democratic-order.md |
| 7 | Regional aspirations | 112-135 | 24 | 5 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-regional-aspirations | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-regional-aspirations.md |
| 8 | Recent developments in indian politics | 136-155 | 20 | 6 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-recent-developments-in-indian-politics | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-recent-developments-in-indian-politics.md |

## Chapter Source Index

| No.             | Chapter         | Source PDF  |
| :-------------- | :-------------- | :---------- |
| 1 | Challenges of nation building | https://edzy-ai.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/edzy-express-ts/a63a772f-64f7-452e-9da9-3beb219eb233.pdf |
| 2 | Era of one-party dominance | https://edzy-ai.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/edzy-express-ts/048eb83d-2847-4731-9a46-4fb875792ddb.pdf |
| 3 | Politics of planned development | https://edzy-ai.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/edzy-express-ts/08db0e0c-dc9f-4d29-bf2a-bd7b058a2aa8.pdf |
| 4 | India’s external relations | https://edzy-ai.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/edzy-express-ts/5a3400b9-dae3-4a73-a2bf-b8d0a0573ac6.pdf |
| 5 | Challenges to and restoration of the congress system | https://edzy-ai.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/edzy-express-ts/0dc350a8-81ab-4735-98e9-bb301967d951.pdf |
| 6 | The crisis of democratic order | https://edzy-ai.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/edzy-express-ts/5bc5969a-f825-4fef-b446-5f6a36d0327c.pdf |
| 7 | Regional aspirations | https://edzy-ai.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/edzy-express-ts/f547e1ec-b46b-428d-a5f6-e60299d7e686.pdf |
| 8 | Recent developments in indian politics | https://edzy-ai.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/edzy-express-ts/90827c9c-aad9-49bb-8f9b-812394317970.pdf |

## Topic Inventory

| No. | Topic ID               | Topic                            |
| :-- | :--------------------- | :------------------------------- |
| 1   | 69aa7e9aa243cecf962969cb | Challenges for the new nation-state |
| 2   | 69aa7e9aa243cecf962969cd | Three Challenges |
| 3   | 69aa7e9aa243cecf962969cf | Partition: Displacement and Rehabilitation |
| 4   | 69aa7e9aa243cecf962969d1 | Integration of Princely States |
| 5   | 69aa7e9aa243cecf962969d3 | Reorganisation of States |
| 6   | 69aa7edba243cecf96297dda | Challenge of Building Democracy |
| 7   | 69aa7edba243cecf96297ddd | Establishment of Free and Fair Elections |
| 8   | 69aa7edba243cecf96297ddf | Congress Dominance in the First General Elections |
| 9   | 69aa7edba243cecf96297de1 | Emergence of Opposition Parties |
| 10  | 69aa7edba243cecf96297de3 | Nature of Congress Dominance |
| 11  | 69aa7edba243cecf96297de5 | Coalition and Management of Factions |
| 12  | 69aa7ed1a243cecf96297b52 | Introduction to Planned Development |
| 13  | 69aa7ed1a243cecf96297b54 | Key Choices and Debates About Development |
| 14  | 69aa7ed1a243cecf96297b56 | First Two Decades of Development Strategy |
| 15  | 69aa7ed1a243cecf96297b58 | Achievements and Limitations of Development Strategy |
| 16  | 69aa7ed1a243cecf96297b5a | Abandonment of the Original Development Strategy |
| 17  | 69aa7ed1a243cecf96297b5c | Concept of Planning in India |
| 18  | 69aa7ed1a243cecf96297b5e | The Role of Five-Year Plans |
| 19  | 69aa7ed1a243cecf96297b60 | Challenges and Critiques of Development Strategies |
| 20  | 69aa7f0ba243cecf96298e94 | International Context |
| 21  | 69aa7f0ba243cecf96298e96 | The Policy of Non-Alignment |
| 22  | 69aa7f0ba243cecf96298e98 | Nehru’s Role |
| 23  | 69aa7f0ba243cecf96298e9a | Peace and Conflict with China |
| 24  | 69aa7f0ba243cecf96298e9c | Wars and Peace with Pakistan |
| 25  | 69aa7f0ba243cecf96298e9e | India’s Nuclear Policy |
| 26  | 69aa7f0ba243cecf96298ea0 | Shifting Alliances in World Politics |
| 27  | 69aa7f0fa243cecf96298fb7 | Challenge of Political Succession |
| 28  | 69aa7f0fa243cecf96298fb9 | From Nehru to Shastri |
| 29  | 69aa7f0fa243cecf96298fbb | From Shastri to Indira Gandhi |
| 30  | 69aa7f0fa243cecf96298fbd | Fourth General Elections, 1967 |
| 31  | 69aa7f0fa243cecf96298fbf | Non-Congressism |
| 32  | 69aa7f0fa243cecf96298fc1 | Indira vs. the ‘Syndicate’ |
| 33  | 69aa7f0fa243cecf96298fc3 | Abolition of Privy Purse |
| 34  | 69aa7f0fa243cecf96298fc5 | 1971 Election and Restoration of Congress |
| 35  | 69aa7f57a243cecf9629a511 | Background to Emergency |
| 36  | 69aa7f57a243cecf9629a513 | Economic Context |
| 37  | 69aa7f57a243cecf9629a515 | Gujarat and Bihar Movements |
| 38  | 69aa7f57a243cecf9629a517 | Declaration of Emergency |
| 39  | 69aa7f57a243cecf9629a519 | Crisis and Response |
| 40  | 69aa7f57a243cecf9629a51b | Consequences of Emergency |
| 41  | 69aa7f57a243cecf9629a51d | Lessons of the Emergency |
| 42  | 69aa7f57a243cecf9629a51f | Politics after Emergency |
| 43  | 69aa7f55a243cecf9629a471 | Introduction to Regional Aspirations |
| 44  | 69aa7f55a243cecf9629a473 | The Indian Approach to Regionalism |
| 45  | 69aa7f55a243cecf9629a475 | Case Studies of Regional Aspirations |
| 46  | 69aa7f55a243cecf9629a477 | Socio-political Concerns and Regional Integration |
| 47  | 69aa7f55a243cecf9629a479 | Lessons from Regional Aspirations |
| 48  | 69aa596ca243cecf961d117a | Context of the 1990s |
| 49  | 69aa596ca243cecf961d117f | Era of Coalitions |
| 50  | 69aa596ca243cecf961d118a | Political Rise of Other Backward Classes |
| 51  | 69aa596ca243cecf961d1194 | Communalism, Secularism, and Democracy |
| 52  | 69aa596ca243cecf961d1197 | Emergence of a New Consensus |
| 53  | 69aa596ca243cecf961d119a | Consensus and Conflict in Politics |

## Chapter-Wise Topic Map

### Challenges of nation building

| No. | Topic ID               | Topic                            |
| :-- | :--------------------- | :------------------------------- |
| 1   | 69aa7e9aa243cecf962969cb | Challenges for the new nation-state |
| 2   | 69aa7e9aa243cecf962969cd | Three Challenges |
| 3   | 69aa7e9aa243cecf962969cf | Partition: Displacement and Rehabilitation |
| 4   | 69aa7e9aa243cecf962969d1 | Integration of Princely States |
| 5   | 69aa7e9aa243cecf962969d3 | Reorganisation of States |

### Era of one-party dominance

| No. | Topic ID               | Topic                            |
| :-- | :--------------------- | :------------------------------- |
| 1   | 69aa7edba243cecf96297dda | Challenge of Building Democracy |
| 2   | 69aa7edba243cecf96297ddd | Establishment of Free and Fair Elections |
| 3   | 69aa7edba243cecf96297ddf | Congress Dominance in the First General Elections |
| 4   | 69aa7edba243cecf96297de1 | Emergence of Opposition Parties |
| 5   | 69aa7edba243cecf96297de3 | Nature of Congress Dominance |
| 6   | 69aa7edba243cecf96297de5 | Coalition and Management of Factions |

### Politics of planned development

| No. | Topic ID               | Topic                            |
| :-- | :--------------------- | :------------------------------- |
| 1   | 69aa7ed1a243cecf96297b52 | Introduction to Planned Development |
| 2   | 69aa7ed1a243cecf96297b54 | Key Choices and Debates About Development |
| 3   | 69aa7ed1a243cecf96297b56 | First Two Decades of Development Strategy |
| 4   | 69aa7ed1a243cecf96297b58 | Achievements and Limitations of Development Strategy |
| 5   | 69aa7ed1a243cecf96297b5a | Abandonment of the Original Development Strategy |
| 6   | 69aa7ed1a243cecf96297b5c | Concept of Planning in India |
| 7   | 69aa7ed1a243cecf96297b5e | The Role of Five-Year Plans |
| 8   | 69aa7ed1a243cecf96297b60 | Challenges and Critiques of Development Strategies |

### India’s external relations

| No. | Topic ID               | Topic                            |
| :-- | :--------------------- | :------------------------------- |
| 1   | 69aa7f0ba243cecf96298e94 | International Context |
| 2   | 69aa7f0ba243cecf96298e96 | The Policy of Non-Alignment |
| 3   | 69aa7f0ba243cecf96298e98 | Nehru’s Role |
| 4   | 69aa7f0ba243cecf96298e9a | Peace and Conflict with China |
| 5   | 69aa7f0ba243cecf96298e9c | Wars and Peace with Pakistan |
| 6   | 69aa7f0ba243cecf96298e9e | India’s Nuclear Policy |
| 7   | 69aa7f0ba243cecf96298ea0 | Shifting Alliances in World Politics |

### Challenges to and restoration of the congress system

| No. | Topic ID               | Topic                            |
| :-- | :--------------------- | :------------------------------- |
| 1   | 69aa7f0fa243cecf96298fb7 | Challenge of Political Succession |
| 2   | 69aa7f0fa243cecf96298fb9 | From Nehru to Shastri |
| 3   | 69aa7f0fa243cecf96298fbb | From Shastri to Indira Gandhi |
| 4   | 69aa7f0fa243cecf96298fbd | Fourth General Elections, 1967 |
| 5   | 69aa7f0fa243cecf96298fbf | Non-Congressism |
| 6   | 69aa7f0fa243cecf96298fc1 | Indira vs. the ‘Syndicate’ |
| 7   | 69aa7f0fa243cecf96298fc3 | Abolition of Privy Purse |
| 8   | 69aa7f0fa243cecf96298fc5 | 1971 Election and Restoration of Congress |

### The crisis of democratic order

| No. | Topic ID               | Topic                            |
| :-- | :--------------------- | :------------------------------- |
| 1   | 69aa7f57a243cecf9629a511 | Background to Emergency |
| 2   | 69aa7f57a243cecf9629a513 | Economic Context |
| 3   | 69aa7f57a243cecf9629a515 | Gujarat and Bihar Movements |
| 4   | 69aa7f57a243cecf9629a517 | Declaration of Emergency |
| 5   | 69aa7f57a243cecf9629a519 | Crisis and Response |
| 6   | 69aa7f57a243cecf9629a51b | Consequences of Emergency |
| 7   | 69aa7f57a243cecf9629a51d | Lessons of the Emergency |
| 8   | 69aa7f57a243cecf9629a51f | Politics after Emergency |

### Regional aspirations

| No. | Topic ID               | Topic                            |
| :-- | :--------------------- | :------------------------------- |
| 1   | 69aa7f55a243cecf9629a471 | Introduction to Regional Aspirations |
| 2   | 69aa7f55a243cecf9629a473 | The Indian Approach to Regionalism |
| 3   | 69aa7f55a243cecf9629a475 | Case Studies of Regional Aspirations |
| 4   | 69aa7f55a243cecf9629a477 | Socio-political Concerns and Regional Integration |
| 5   | 69aa7f55a243cecf9629a479 | Lessons from Regional Aspirations |

### Recent developments in indian politics

| No. | Topic ID               | Topic                            |
| :-- | :--------------------- | :------------------------------- |
| 1   | 69aa596ca243cecf961d117a | Context of the 1990s |
| 2   | 69aa596ca243cecf961d117f | Era of Coalitions |
| 3   | 69aa596ca243cecf961d118a | Political Rise of Other Backward Classes |
| 4   | 69aa596ca243cecf961d1194 | Communalism, Secularism, and Democracy |
| 5   | 69aa596ca243cecf961d1197 | Emergence of a New Consensus |
| 6   | 69aa596ca243cecf961d119a | Consensus and Conflict in Politics |

## Important Book Facts

* The book belongs to Class 12.
* The subject is Political Science.
* The board is CBSE.
* The curriculum is CBSE.
* The book contains 8 supplied chapters.
* The metadata contains 53 supplied topics.

## Related OKF Entities

| Entity Type | Title                            | Markdown URL                            |
| :---------- | :------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------- |
| Class       | Class 12 | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/class/cbse-class-12.md   |
| Subject     | Political Science  | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/subject/cbse-class-12-political-science.md |
| Chapter     | Challenges of nation building | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-challenges-of-nation-building.md |
| Chapter     | Era of one-party dominance | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-era-of-one-party-dominance.md |
| Chapter     | Politics of planned development | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-politics-of-planned-development.md |
| Chapter     | India’s external relations | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-indias-external-relations.md |
| Chapter     | Challenges to and restoration of the congress system | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-challenges-to-and-restoration-of-the-congress-system.md |
| Chapter     | The crisis of democratic order | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-the-crisis-of-democratic-order.md |
| Chapter     | Regional aspirations | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-regional-aspirations.md |
| Chapter     | Recent developments in indian politics | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence-recent-developments-in-indian-politics.md |

## Source Attribution

| Field          | Value                            |
| :------------- | :------------------------------- |
| Source         | Edzy                             |
| Reference Type | examSubjectBook                |
| Reference ID   | 66ae541b191fdf5766655c06                  |
| Book ID        | 66ae541b191fdf5766655c06          |
| Canonical URL  | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence |
| Markdown URL   | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/book/cbse-class-12-political-science-politics-in-india-since-independence.md |
| Last Updated   | 2026-06-24  |