---
type: "Subject"
knowledge_type: "subject"
entity_type: "subject"
id: "66ab5c44543b6f461d7a9d49"
title: "Class 12 - Economics"
board: "CBSE"
curriculum: "CBSE"
class_id: "66ab5807ffbb5019db722158"
class: "Class 12"
class_name: "Class 12"
class_slug: "class-12"
class_canonical_url: "https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12"
class_markdown_url: "https://www.edzy.ai/okf/class/cbse-class-12.md"
subject: "Economics"
subject_slug: "economics"
canonical_url: "https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics"
markdown_url: "https://www.edzy.ai/okf/subject/cbse-class-12-economics.md"
source_type: "examSubject"
source_id: "66ab5c44543b6f461d7a9d49"
source: "Edzy"
book_count: "2"
chapter_count: "11"
topic_count: "55"
version: "1"
last_updated: "2026-06-25"
svg_icon: "https://edzy-ai.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/edzy-express-ts/ae12e8f9-ab01-47e8-883f-007b8f50eb89.svg"
color_name: "Golden Mustard"
color_light_foreground: "#E0B421"
color_light_background: "#FFF4D0"
color_dark_foreground: "#E0B421"
color_dark_background: "#584711"
---

# Class 12 - Economics

Economics is a CBSE Class 12 subject on Edzy.

## Knowledge Snapshot

| Field | Details |
| :--- | :--- |
| Board | CBSE |
| Curriculum | CBSE |
| Class | Class 12 |
| Subject | Economics |
| Subject Slug | economics |
| Book Count | 2 |
| Chapter Count | 11 |
| Topic Count | 55 |
| Last Updated | 2026-06-25 |

---

## OKF Hierarchy

| Level | Title | Canonical URL | Markdown URL |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Class | Class 12 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12 | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/class/cbse-class-12.md |
| Subject | Economics | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/subject/cbse-class-12-economics.md |

---

## Book Index

| No. | Book ID | Book | Book Slug | Chapters | Topics | Canonical URL | Markdown URL |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 66ae541b191fdf5766655c00 | Introductory Microeconomics | introductory-microeconomics | 5 | 28 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/book/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics.md |
| 2 | 66ae541b191fdf5766655c31 | Introductory Macroeconomics | introductory-macroeconomics | 6 | 27 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/book/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics.md |

---

## Book-Wise Chapter Index

### Introductory Microeconomics

| No. | Chapter ID | Chapter | Chapter Number In Book | Pages | Page Count | Topics | Canonical URL | Markdown URL |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 66defb293f8b4e9e69bdc8a5 | Introduction | 1 | 1-7 | 7 | 6 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-introduction | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-introduction.md |
| 2 | 66defb343f8b4e9e69bdc8c5 | Theory Of Consumer Behaviour | 2 | 8-35 | 28 | 6 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-theory-of-consumer-behaviour | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-theory-of-consumer-behaviour.md |
| 3 | 66defb3d3f8b4e9e69bdc8e5 | Production And Costs | 3 | 36-52 | 17 | 7 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-production-and-costs | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-production-and-costs.md |
| 4 | 66defb473f8b4e9e69bdc905 | The Theory Of The Firm Under Perfect Competition | 4 | 53-70 | 18 | 7 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-the-theory-of-the-firm-under-perfect-competition | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-the-theory-of-the-firm-under-perfect-competition.md |
| 5 | 66defb513f8b4e9e69bdc925 | Market Equilibrium | 5 | 71-87 | 17 | 4 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-market-equilibrium | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-market-equilibrium.md |

---

### Introductory Macroeconomics

| No. | Chapter ID | Chapter | Chapter Number In Book | Pages | Page Count | Topics | Canonical URL | Markdown URL |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 66defabb3f8b4e9e69bdc7bb | Introduction | 1 | 1-8 | 8 | 5 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-introduction | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-introduction.md |
| 2 | 66defac33f8b4e9e69bdc7db | National Income Accounting | 2 | 9-35 | 27 | 5 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-national-income-accounting | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-national-income-accounting.md |
| 3 | 66defacd3f8b4e9e69bdc7fb | Money And Banking | 3 | 36-52 | 17 | 4 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-money-and-banking | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-money-and-banking.md |
| 4 | 66defad83f8b4e9e69bdc81b | Determination Of Income And Employment | 4 | 53-65 | 13 | 4 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-determination-of-income-and-employment | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-determination-of-income-and-employment.md |
| 5 | 66defae53f8b4e9e69bdc83b | Government Budget And The Economy | 5 | 53-67 | 15 | 4 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-government-budget-and-the-economy | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-government-budget-and-the-economy.md |
| 6 | 66defaee3f8b4e9e69bdc85b | Open Economy Macroeconomics | 6 | 85-99 | 15 | 3 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-open-economy-macroeconomics | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-open-economy-macroeconomics.md |

---

## Chapter Index

| No. | Book ID | Chapter ID | Chapter | Chapter Number In Book | Pages | Page Count | Topics | Canonical URL | Markdown URL |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 66ae541b191fdf5766655c00 | 66defb293f8b4e9e69bdc8a5 | Introduction | 1 | 1-7 | 7 | 6 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-introduction | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-introduction.md |
| 2 | 66ae541b191fdf5766655c00 | 66defb343f8b4e9e69bdc8c5 | Theory Of Consumer Behaviour | 2 | 8-35 | 28 | 6 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-theory-of-consumer-behaviour | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-theory-of-consumer-behaviour.md |
| 3 | 66ae541b191fdf5766655c00 | 66defb3d3f8b4e9e69bdc8e5 | Production And Costs | 3 | 36-52 | 17 | 7 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-production-and-costs | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-production-and-costs.md |
| 4 | 66ae541b191fdf5766655c00 | 66defb473f8b4e9e69bdc905 | The Theory Of The Firm Under Perfect Competition | 4 | 53-70 | 18 | 7 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-the-theory-of-the-firm-under-perfect-competition | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-the-theory-of-the-firm-under-perfect-competition.md |
| 5 | 66ae541b191fdf5766655c00 | 66defb513f8b4e9e69bdc925 | Market Equilibrium | 5 | 71-87 | 17 | 4 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-market-equilibrium | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-market-equilibrium.md |
| 6 | 66ae541b191fdf5766655c31 | 66defabb3f8b4e9e69bdc7bb | Introduction | 1 | 1-8 | 8 | 5 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-introduction | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-introduction.md |
| 7 | 66ae541b191fdf5766655c31 | 66defac33f8b4e9e69bdc7db | National Income Accounting | 2 | 9-35 | 27 | 5 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-national-income-accounting | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-national-income-accounting.md |
| 8 | 66ae541b191fdf5766655c31 | 66defacd3f8b4e9e69bdc7fb | Money And Banking | 3 | 36-52 | 17 | 4 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-money-and-banking | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-money-and-banking.md |
| 9 | 66ae541b191fdf5766655c31 | 66defad83f8b4e9e69bdc81b | Determination Of Income And Employment | 4 | 53-65 | 13 | 4 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-determination-of-income-and-employment | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-determination-of-income-and-employment.md |
| 10 | 66ae541b191fdf5766655c31 | 66defae53f8b4e9e69bdc83b | Government Budget And The Economy | 5 | 53-67 | 15 | 4 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-government-budget-and-the-economy | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-government-budget-and-the-economy.md |
| 11 | 66ae541b191fdf5766655c31 | 66defaee3f8b4e9e69bdc85b | Open Economy Macroeconomics | 6 | 85-99 | 15 | 3 | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-open-economy-macroeconomics | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-open-economy-macroeconomics.md |

---

## Topic Inventory

| No. | Topic ID | Topic |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 69aa7054a243cecf9624adc7 | A SIMPLE ECONOMY |
| 2 | 69aa7054a243cecf9624adcc | CENTRAL PROBLEMS OF AN ECONOMY |
| 3 | 69aa7054a243cecf9624add0 | ORGANISATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES |
| 4 | 69aa7054a243cecf9624add4 | POSITIVE AND NORMATIVE ECONOMICS |
| 5 | 69aa7054a243cecf9624add6 | MICROECONOMICS AND MACROECONOMICS |
| 6 | 69aa7054a243cecf9624add8 | PLAN OF THE BOOK |
| 7 | 69aa707fa243cecf9624bbbd | Utility |
| 8 | 69aa707fa243cecf9624bbbf | The Consumer's Budget |
| 9 | 69aa707fa243cecf9624bbc1 | Optimal Choice of the Consumer |
| 10 | 69aa707fa243cecf9624bbc3 | Demand |
| 11 | 69aa707fa243cecf9624bbc5 | Market Demand |
| 12 | 69aa707fa243cecf9624bbc7 | Elasticity of Demand |
| 13 | 69aa708da243cecf9624bf8f | PRODUCTION FUNCTION |
| 14 | 69aa708da243cecf9624bf91 | THE SHORT RUN AND THE LONG RUN |
| 15 | 69aa708da243cecf9624bf93 | TOTAL PRODUCT, AVERAGE PRODUCT AND MARGINAL PRODUCT |
| 16 | 69aa708da243cecf9624bf95 | THE LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL PRODUCT AND THE LAW OF VARIABLE PROPORTIONS |
| 17 | 69aa708da243cecf9624bf97 | SHAPES OF TOTAL PRODUCT, MARGINAL PRODUCT AND AVERAGE PRODUCT CURVES |
| 18 | 69aa708da243cecf9624bf99 | RETURNS TO SCALE |
| 19 | 69aa708da243cecf9624bf9b | COSTS |
| 20 | 69aa70b4a243cecf9624cd7d | PERFECT COMPETITION: DEFINING FEATURES |
| 21 | 69aa70b4a243cecf9624cd80 | REVENUE |
| 22 | 69aa70b4a243cecf9624cd82 | PROFIT MAXIMISATION |
| 23 | 69aa70b4a243cecf9624cd84 | SUPPLY CURVE OF A FIRM |
| 24 | 69aa70b4a243cecf9624cd86 | DETERMINANTS OF A FIRM’S SUPPLY CURVE |
| 25 | 69aa70b4a243cecf9624cd88 | MARKET SUPPLY CURVE |
| 26 | 69aa70b4a243cecf9624cd8a | PRICE ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY |
| 27 | 69aa70d4a243cecf9624d5aa | EQUILIBRIUM, EXCESS DEMAND, EXCESS SUPPLY |
| 28 | 69aa70d4a243cecf9624d5ae | Market Equilibrium: Free Entry and Exit |
| 29 | 69aa70d4a243cecf9624d5b0 | Shifts in Demand and Supply |
| 30 | 69aa70d4a243cecf9624d5ac | APPLICATIONS |
| 31 | 69aa6fa0a243cecf96247082 | MACROECONOMICS DEFINED |
| 32 | 69aa6fa0a243cecf96247084 | EMERGENCE OF MACROECONOMICS |
| 33 | 69aa6fa0a243cecf96247086 | CONTEXT OF THE PRESENT BOOK OF MACROECONOMICS |
| 34 | 69aa6fa0a243cecf96247088 | KEY ECONOMIC AGENTS |
| 35 | 69aa6fa0a243cecf9624708a | FOUR SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY |
| 36 | 69b94cefd33a4bf90ac987bc | SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF MACROECONOMICS |
| 37 | 69b94cefd33a4bf90ac987c0 | CIRCULAR FLOW OF INCOME AND METHODS OF CALCULATING NATIONAL INCOME |
| 38 | 69b94cefd33a4bf90ac987c8 | SOME MACROECONOMIC IDENTITIES |
| 39 | 69b94cefd33a4bf90ac987cc | NOMINAL AND REAL GDP |
| 40 | 69b94cefd33a4bf90ac987d0 | GDP AND WELFARE |
| 41 | 69aa6fefa243cecf96248cdb | FUNCTIONS OF MONEY |
| 42 | 69aa6fefa243cecf96248cdd | DEMAND FOR MONEY AND SUPPLY OF MONEY |
| 43 | 69aa6fefa243cecf96248cdf | MONEY CREATION BY BANKING SYSTEM |
| 44 | 69aa6fefa243cecf96248ce1 | POLICY TOOLS TO CONTROL MONEY SUPPLY |
| 45 | 69aa6fd4a243cecf962485d9 | AGGREGATE DEMAND AND ITS COMPONENTS |
| 46 | 69aa6fd4a243cecf962485db | DETERMINATION OF INCOME IN TWO-SECTOR MODEL |
| 47 | 69aa6fd4a243cecf962485dd | DETERMINATION OF EQUILIBRIUM INCOME IN THE SHORT RUN |
| 48 | 69aa6fd4a243cecf962485df | SOME MORE CONCEPTS |
| 49 | 69aa7023a243cecf96249d6e | GOVERNMENT BUDGET — MEANING AND ITS COMPONENTS |
| 50 | 69aa7023a243cecf96249d70 | BALANCED, SURPLUS AND DEFICIT BUDGET |
| 51 | 69aa7023a243cecf96249d72 | FISCAL POLICY AND MULTIPLIER EFFECTS |
| 52 | 69aa7023a243cecf96249d74 | DEBT AND DEFICIT REDUCTION |
| 53 | 69aa701da243cecf96249be6 | The Balance of Payments |
| 54 | 69aa701da243cecf96249be8 | The Foreign Exchange Market |
| 55 | 69aa701da243cecf96249bea | Determination of Equilibrium Income in Open Economy |

---

## Related OKF Entities

| Entity Type | Title | Markdown URL |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Class | Class 12 | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/class/cbse-class-12.md |
| Book | Introductory Microeconomics | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/book/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics.md |
| Book | Introductory Macroeconomics | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/book/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics.md |
| Chapter | Introduction | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-introduction.md |
| Chapter | Theory Of Consumer Behaviour | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-theory-of-consumer-behaviour.md |
| Chapter | Production And Costs | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-production-and-costs.md |
| Chapter | The Theory Of The Firm Under Perfect Competition | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-the-theory-of-the-firm-under-perfect-competition.md |
| Chapter | Market Equilibrium | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-microeconomics-market-equilibrium.md |
| Chapter | Introduction | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-introduction.md |
| Chapter | National Income Accounting | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-national-income-accounting.md |
| Chapter | Money And Banking | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-money-and-banking.md |
| Chapter | Determination Of Income And Employment | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-determination-of-income-and-employment.md |
| Chapter | Government Budget And The Economy | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-government-budget-and-the-economy.md |
| Chapter | Open Economy Macroeconomics | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/chapter/cbse-class-12-economics-introductory-macroeconomics-open-economy-macroeconomics.md |

---

## Source Attribution

| Field | Value |
| :--- | :--- |
| Source | Edzy |
| Reference Type | examSubject |
| Reference ID | 66ab5c44543b6f461d7a9d49 |
| Subject ID | 66ab5c44543b6f461d7a9d49 |
| Canonical URL | https://www.edzy.ai/cbse-class-12-economics |
| Markdown URL | https://www.edzy.ai/okf/subject/cbse-class-12-economics.md |
| Last Updated | 2026-06-25 |