Nationalism is a political ideology that emphasizes the interests, culture, and identity of a nation, often in opposition to colonial rule.

Mahatma Gandhi was a leader of the Indian independence movement, known for his philosophy of non-violence and strategies like Satyagraha.

Satyagraha is a non-violent resistance strategy developed by Gandhi, emphasizing truth and moral persuasion to combat injustice.

The Rowlatt Act of 1919 allowed the British government to detain political prisoners without trial and imposed repressive measures.

On April 13, 1919, British troops opened fire on a peaceful gathering, killing hundreds, which fueled outrage against colonial rule.

The Khilafat Movement aimed to protect the caliphate and unite Muslims with Hindus under Gandhi's leadership in the nationalist movement.

Launched in 1920, it called for Indians to withdraw cooperation from the British government and boycott British institutions.

Peasants participated in protests, demanding lower taxes and rights over their land, leading to widespread unrest against landlords.

Launched by Gandhi in 1930, it was a campaign of non-compliance with British laws, marked by protests like the Salt March.

The Salt March was a pivotal event where Gandhi led a 240-mile march to produce salt, symbolizing defiance against British laws.

Dalits, or 'untouchables,' sought rights and representation but often felt marginalized within the broader nationalist movement.

Women actively participated in protests and campaigns, challenging their traditional roles, though their status remained largely unchanged.

The Simon Commission was boycotted because it had no Indian members, and it sparked protests under the slogan 'Go back Simon.'

Growing Hindu-Muslim conflicts led to mistrust and alienation, hindering unity within the nationalist movement.

'Purna Swaraj' means complete independence, formally declared by the Congress at the Lahore Session in 1929.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was a key leader advocating for Dalit rights and social justice, opposing untouchability and demanding political representation.

The economic depression of the late 1920s intensified unrest among peasants and workers, pushing them towards the nationalist struggle.

Collective belonging emerged through shared struggles, cultural interactions, and nationalist symbols that connected diverse groups.