This chapter covers Tuples and Dictionaries, important data structures in Python that help in organizing and storing data.
Tuples and Dictionaries - Quick Look Revision Guide
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Key Points
What is a tuple?
A tuple is an ordered collection of elements, including various data types, enclosed in parentheses.
Tuple examples.
e.g. tuple1 = (1, 2, 'Python', [3, 4]). They can include lists and other tuples.
Accessing tuple elements.
Elements are accessed via zero-based indexing. e.g., tuple1[0] returns the first item.
Tuples are immutable.
Once created, elements of a tuple cannot be changed, which raises TypeError otherwise.
Concatenation of tuples.
You can combine tuples using the + operator, creating a new tuple with the elements.
Repetition of tuples.
The * operator repeats the tuple elements a specified number of times, e.g., tuple * 3.
Membership test.
Using 'in' checks for presence in a tuple, returning True or False.
Slicing tuples.
Access multiple elements using slicing. e.g., tuple1[1:4] returns a new tuple.
Tuple methods.
Common methods include len(), count(), index(), and sorted().
Creating a dictionary.
Dictionaries are created with key-value pairs in curly braces. e.g., {'key': 'value'}.
Dictionaries are mutable.
You can change, add, or delete key-value pairs after creation.
Accessing dictionary items.
Access values using keys, e.g., dict[key]. A KeyError is raised for absent keys.
Adding items to a dictionary.
Use dict[key] = value to insert new items.
Modifying existing items.
Overwrite values with dict[key] = new_value for modifications.
Key membership test.
Use 'in' to check if a key exists in the dictionary.
Iterating through dictionaries.
Use for loop to iterate over keys or items. e.g., for k, v in dict.items()
Common dictionary methods.
Includes len(), keys(), values(), items(), get(), update(), delete(), and clear().
Using the get() method.
Safely retrieves value by key. Returns None if key is missing.
Deleting items from dictionaries.
Use del dict[key] to remove a key-value pair.
Real-world applications of tuples.
Tuples can store immutable sets of data, like coordinates.
Real-world applications of dictionaries.
Dictionaries are ideal for storing and accessing data with unique keys, like student records.
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