This chapter explores the principles and techniques of animal cell culture, highlighting its significance in biotechnology.
Animal Cell Culture - Quick Look Revision Guide
Your 1-page summary of the most exam-relevant takeaways from Biotechnology.
This compact guide covers 20 must-know concepts from Animal Cell Culture aligned with Class 12 preparation for Biotechnology. Ideal for last-minute revision or daily review.
Complete study summary
Essential formulas, key terms, and important concepts for quick reference and revision.
Key Points
Define Animal Cell Culture.
It is the in vitro maintenance of animal cells that grow outside the organism.
Difference between in vitro and in vivo.
In vitro refers to studies done outside living organisms, while in vivo refers to studies within living organisms.
Explain cell cloning.
Cloning produces a genetically identical population from a single parental cell.
Historical breakthrough: HeLa cells.
First human cell line cultured from Henrietta Lacks' cervical cancer in the 1950s.
Types of culture media.
Natural media use biological substances, while synthetic media are artificially formulated with nutrients.
Serum in culture media.
Serum provides nutrients, growth factors, and proteins but varies in quality and may carry contaminants.
Optimum conditions for cell growth.
Includes controlled temperature (typically 37°C), pH (7.2-7.4), and osmolality (~300 mOsmol).
Importance of aseptic techniques.
Aseptic techniques prevent contamination in cell cultures, crucial for accurate experimental outcomes.
Primary vs. Secondary Cell Culture.
Primary cultures are directly obtained from tissue; secondary cultures are sub-cultured from primary ones.
Finite vs. Continuous cell lines.
Finite cell lines have limited division capacity, while continuous lines can divide indefinitely due to transformation.
Describe cryopreservation.
Cells are stored in liquid nitrogen for long-term preservation, using cryoprotective agents like DMSO.
Cell viability assessment.
Dye exclusion assays (e.g., trypan blue) determine live versus dead cells based on membrane integrity.
MTT assay for cell viability.
Measures metabolic activity; living cells convert MTT to purple formazan, indicating viability.
Scale-up methods in cell culture.
Includes spinner flasks for suspension cultures and roller bottles for adherent cells, enhancing production.
Applications of animal cell culture.
Used in drug development, vaccine production, and understanding disease mechanisms.
Importance of growth factors.
Growth factors enhance cell proliferation and are critical in media for various cell types.
Antibiotics role in cell culture.
Prevent contamination by bacteria and fungi, ensuring cell culture integrity.
Definitions of adherent vs. suspension cells.
Adherent cells require attachment to a surface, while suspension cells float and do not attach.
Karyotype analysis post-cell culture.
Determines chromosomal stability of cultured cells, essential for ensuring genetic consistency.
Hybridoma technology in monoclonal antibody production.
B lymphocytes are fused with myeloma cells to produce antibodies for diagnostics and treatments.
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