A material is any substance used to create an object, such as paper, wood, glass, or metal.

Materials can be grouped by common properties such as shape, colour, hardness, softness, shine, or the materials they are made from.

Lustrous materials are those that shine when light falls on them, typically metals like gold, silver, and iron.

Non-lustrous materials include paper, wood, rubber, and jute. They do not have a shiny surface.

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. It is made up of materials.

The standard units for measuring mass are grams (g) and kilograms (kg).

Volume is measured in litres (L) and millilitres (mL).

Metals are usually lustrous and good conductors of heat and electricity, whereas non-metals are generally dull and poor conductors.

Students may think all shiny materials are metals; however, some non-metals can also appear shiny due to coating or polishing.

Terracotta is baked clay used to make pottery items, which dates back to ancient civilizations.

Pots were used for cooking and storing food grains, oil, and water.

Freshly cut wood has a distinct appearance and is different from metals like iron or copper.

The appearance helps in distinguishing materials, as different materials have unique colours, textures, and finishes.

Common metals include iron, copper, aluminum, gold, and silver.

Materials can be identified by touch based on their texture, whether they are rough, smooth, hard, or soft.

Durability refers to how well a material can withstand wear, pressure, or damage over time.

Common materials include wood, plastic, glass, metal, and fabric.

Exposure to air and moisture can cause metals to lose lustre and become dull or rusted.

You can group them based on their material composition: glass (glass), chair (wood), and spoon (metal).