Electricity is a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles, such as electrons or protons.

An electric circuit is a closed loop that allows electric current to flow from a power source to devices and back.

Ohm's Law states that V = I × R, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.

Voltage is the electric potential difference between two points in a circuit, measured in volts (V).

Electric current is the flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (A).

Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current, measured in ohms (Ω).

Examples include a television, a refrigerator, and a mobile phone.

Uses include electric kettles, microwave ovens, and toasters.

Electricity is used for home lights, street lamps, and in markets.

Electricity powers trains, buses, lifts, and even electric cars.

A load is any device that consumes electrical energy in a circuit, like a bulb or motor.

In series circuits, components are connected end-to-end, while in parallel circuits, components are connected across common points.

Electricity can be dangerous; unsafe handling can lead to shocks or fires.

A switch is a device that can open or close a circuit, controlling the flow of electricity.

A common example is a battery used in devices like remote controls and flashlights.

A common mistake is assuming all components in a series circuit receive the same voltage.

Electricity can be generated by wind energy and hydropower.

Conductors are materials that allow electricity to flow easily, such as copper and aluminum.

Insulators are materials that resist electrical flow, like rubber and glass.