Agriculture is the science of farming, including the preparation of soil, cultivation of plants, and rearing of livestock.

'Agri' means field and 'culture' means to cultivate. Together they refer to field cultivation.

Allied activities include livestock, beekeeping, fisheries, and the rearing of silkworms.

Approximately 46% of India's working population is engaged in agriculture and allied activities for livelihood.

Over 75% of people working in agriculture in rural India are women, performing key tasks from sowing to harvesting.

Mehrgarh is one of the earliest sites for agriculture, where barley and millets were cultivated around the 7th millennium BCE.

Important texts include Kauṭilya's Arthashastra, Vedas, and Surapāla's Vṛikṣhāyurveda, providing insights on agriculture and horticulture.

Cattle, sheep, goats, and poultry were among the first domesticated animals in pre-urban Sindhu-Sarasvatī civilization.

Cropping depends on factors such as soil type, climate, water availability, and terrain.

Barley and wheat were staple crops during the Harappan civilization, along with various vegetables and fruits.

Pisciculture is the practice of fish rearing, included in some farming systems.

The Vedas mention key crops like barley (yava), wheat (godhūma), and rice (vrīhi) along with other pulses.

Oilseeds include sesame, safflower, linseed, mustard, and castor.

Irrigation is crucial for maintaining water supply to crops, ensuring growth and productivity.

Horticulture focuses on the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants.

Traditional farming involves age-old practices, techniques, and a connection to cultural traditions and local biodiversity.

Cotton, jute, and hemp are examples of fiber crops cultivated in India.

Agricultural knowledge passed down through generations helps maximize yield and sustainability in farming practices.

Many visualize farmers as men, but over 75% of agricultural workers in rural India are women.