A point is the smallest element in any visual, represented as a dot.

A line is a visible path that connects two points; it can be horizontal, vertical, diagonal, dashed, or wavy.

A form is a three-dimensional shape that occupies space and has depth. It can be created by joining shapes.

Texture can be visual or physical; visual texture is perceived through patterns, while physical texture is felt by touch.

Primary colours are the basic colours that can be combined to create other colours. They are red, blue, yellow, white, and black.

Value refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. It can be altered by adding white (tints) or black (shades).

Space organizes different elements in an artwork and can be divided into positive and negative spaces.

Unity is achieved when all elements of an artwork are combined cohesively, creating a harmonious composition.

Balance gives stability; it can be symmetrical (similar elements) or asymmetrical (dissimilar elements balancing each other).

Rhythm guides the viewer's eye through an artwork with repetition of patterns or elements.

Emphasis is created by making a visual element stand out, drawing attention to it.

Proportion refers to the relationship in size between different elements in an artwork.

Hierarchy signifies the order of importance among elements in a visual, directing attention accordingly.

Shadanga refers to the six limbs of art: difference between forms, measurement, expression, aesthetic composition, resemblance, and use of colour.

The key visual elements include point, line, shape, form, colour, value, texture, and space.

Students often confuse shapes (2D) with forms (3D); it's essential to differentiate between flat areas and solid figures.

Students should avoid mixing too many colours together as it can create muddiness; instead, focus on complementary colours.

In a painting, use rhythm by repeating spiral patterns in plant stems to guide the viewer's eye.