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Revision Guide
अव्यय शब्दों का अध्ययन जो लिंग, वचन और काल के अनुसार नहीं बदलते हैं।
अव्यय - Quick Look Revision Guide
Your 1-page summary of the most exam-relevant takeaways from Vyakaranavithi.
This compact guide covers 20 must-know concepts from अव्यय chapter aligned with Class X preparation for Sanskrit. Ideal for last-minute revision or daily review.
Key Points
Define अव्यय with an example.
अव्यय are words that remain unchanged in form regardless of gender, number, or case. Example: 'सहसा' means suddenly.
List common अव्यय and their meanings.
Common अव्यय include 'अद्य' (today), 'श्व:' (tomorrow), 'ह्य:' (yesterday), and 'सह' (with).
Explain the use of 'एव' in sentences.
'एव' is used to emphasize certainty, similar to 'indeed' in English. Example: 'अहं एव गच्छामि' means 'I indeed am going.'
Difference between 'तथा' and 'तावत्'.
'तथा' means 'in that manner', while 'तावत्' means 'until then'. Both are used to connect ideas.
Use of 'च' for conjunction.
'च' is used to mean 'and', connecting words or phrases. Example: 'रामः च सीता च' means 'Rama and Sita.'
Meaning and use of 'अपि'.
'अपि' can mean 'also' or 'even', adding emphasis or inclusion. Example: 'त्वम् अपि आगच्छ' means 'You also come.'
Explain 'यदि-तर्हि' conditional pairs.
'यदि' means 'if' and 'तर्हि' means 'then', used together to form conditional sentences.
Use of 'इति' to end quotations.
'इति' is used to mark the end of a quote or thought. Example: 'रामः गच्छति इति' means 'Rama goes, thus.'
Meaning of 'अत्र' and 'तत्र'.
'अत्र' means 'here' and 'तत्र' means 'there', used to indicate location.
Explain 'यथा-तथा' for comparison.
'यथा' means 'as' and 'तथा' means 'so', used to draw comparisons. Example: 'यथा राजा तथा प्रजा' means 'As the king, so the subjects.'
Use of 'पुनः' for repetition.
'पुनः' means 'again', indicating repetition of an action. Example: 'पुनः पठ' means 'Read again.'
Meaning of 'अधुना'.
'अधुना' means 'now', used to indicate the present time.
Explain 'न' for negation.
'न' is used to negate verbs, meaning 'not'. Example: 'न गच्छामि' means 'I do not go.'
Use of 'हि' for emphasis.
'हि' is used to give emphasis or reason, similar to 'for' or 'indeed'. Example: 'हि सत्यम्' means 'Indeed, it is true.'
Meaning of 'उच्चैः' and 'नीचैः'.
'उच्चैः' means 'loudly' or 'high' and 'नीचैः' means 'softly' or 'low', used to describe sound or position.
Explain 'शनैः शनैः' for gradual action.
'शनैः शनैः' means 'slowly' or 'gradually', indicating a slow progression. Example: 'शनैः शनैः चल' means 'Move slowly.'
Use of 'तु' for contrast.
'तु' is used to contrast ideas, similar to 'but' in English. Example: 'रामः गच्छति तु सीता न' means 'Rama goes but Sita does not.'
Meaning of 'अथ'.
'अथ' can mean 'then', 'now', or 'and', used to begin a new topic or sequence.
Explain 'कुत्र' for asking location.
'कुत्र' means 'where', used to ask about location. Example: 'कुत्र गच्छसि?' means 'Where are you going?'
Use of 'विना' for absence.
'विना' means 'without', indicating absence. Example: 'धनं विना जीवनं वृथा' means 'Life without wealth is vain.'
This chapter introduces the concept of nouns (संज्ञा) and their definitions (परिभाषा), essential for understanding Hindi grammar.
सन्धि अध्याय में दो वर्णों के मेल से होने वाले परिवर्तनों का अध्ययन किया जाता है।
शब्दरूप सामान्य परिचय अध्याय में शब्दों के विभिन्न रूपों और उनके प्रयोग का सामान्य ज्ञान प्रदान किया जाता है।
धातुरूप सामान्य परिचय अध्याय में संस्कृत भाषा के धातुओं के रूपों का सामान्य परिचय और उनके प्रयोग की मूल बातें सीखाई जाती हैं।
उपसर्ग अध्याय में छात्र उपसर्गों के प्रयोग और उनके अर्थ को समझेंगे, जो शब्दों के पहले जुड़कर उनके अर्थ में परिवर्तन लाते हैं।
