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Flash Cards: Acids, Bases and Salts

This chapter explores acids, bases, and salts, focusing on their properties, reactions, and everyday applications. Understanding these concepts is crucial for practical science and daily life.

Acids, Bases and Salts - Flash Cards

These flash cards cover important concepts from Acids, Bases and Salts in Science for Class 10 (Science).

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What is an acid?

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An acid is a substance that tastes sour and turns blue litmus paper red. Examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and citric acid.

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What is a base?

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A base is a substance that tastes bitter and turns red litmus paper blue. Examples include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and baking soda.

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What is a neutralization reaction?

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A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt. For example, HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O.

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What does litmus indicate?

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Litmus is a natural indicator that turns red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions. It is derived from lichens.

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What happens to turmeric in basic solutions?

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Turmeric changes from yellow to reddish-brown in the presence of a base.

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What does the pH scale measure?

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The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is. It ranges from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic), with 7 being neutral.

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Name some common acids.

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Some common acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and acetic acid (CH3COOH).

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Name some common bases.

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Some common bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).

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What are the properties of acids?

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Acids taste sour, react with metals to produce hydrogen gas, and turn blue litmus paper red.

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What are the properties of bases?

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Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, turn red litmus paper blue, and can react with acids to form salts.

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What are synthetic indicators?

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Synthetic indicators, like methyl orange and phenolphthalein, are used to test for acidity and basicity.

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What is a key difference between acids and bases?

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Acids donate protons (H+ ions) in solution, while bases accept protons (H+ ions).

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What happens when an acid reacts with a metal?

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When an acid reacts with a metal, it produces salt and hydrogen gas. Example: Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2.

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What is a buffer solution?

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A buffer solution is a weak acid or base that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

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How is acid-base neutralization used in daily life?

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Antacids neutralize excess stomach acid to relieve heartburn or indigestion.

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How does concentration affect pH?

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As the concentration of an acid increases, the pH decreases, indicating a stronger acid. Conversely, the pH increases with a stronger base.

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How are salts formed?

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Salts are formed from the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base.

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What natural indicators can be used?

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Natural indicators include red cabbage juice and beetroot. They change color in the presence of acids or bases.

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Common misconception about strong acids

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Many students confuse all acids as being strong, but some acids are weak (e.g., acetic acid) and don't dissociate completely in solution.

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Why is pH important in the environment?

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pH affects soil health, plant growth, and aquatic life. Acid rain, for example, can harm ecosystems.

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