Acids, Bases and Salts is a chapter in the CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus from Science. This chapter hub brings together revision notes, practice questions, worksheets, flashcards, formula sheet to help students learn, practice, and revise Acids, Bases and Salts effectively.

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Acids, Bases and Salts

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts (Pages 17–36)

Summary of Acids, Bases and Salts

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Acids, Bases and Salts at a Glance

Board

CBSE

Class

Class 10

Subject

Science

Book

Science

Chapter

2

Pages

1736

Resources

7 study resources

Acids, Bases and Salts Summary

In this chapter, we will delve into the fascinating world of acids, bases, and salts, exploring their properties and reactions that affect our daily lives. We begin by understanding that acids are typically sour and can turn blue litmus red, while bases are bitter and turn red litmus blue. You will recall some common examples, like the tangy taste of lemon juice or the bitterness of baking soda. These concepts lay the groundwork for our understanding of how these substances interact with one another. We will learn about the chemical properties of acids and bases and how they can neutralize each other to form salts and water, known as neutralization reactions. The chapter examines various substances and indicators used to identify acids and bases, such as litmus paper, turmeric, and phenolphthalein. Practical activities are included to help reinforce the theoretical knowledge, allowing you to conduct experiments that bring the concepts to life. For instance, you might mix vinegar with baking soda to see the fizzing reaction that produces carbon dioxide. We will also discuss how acids react with metals to produce hydrogen gas, as well as how bases can react with acids to create salts and water. Another key focus is on the pH scale, which measures the acidity or alkalinity of solutions. You will learn how to determine the pH of various substances, understand the significance of acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions, and how this relates to living organisms and their environments. Furthermore, we will cover salts and their formation through different chemical reactions, including the role they play in everyday life. You'll discover that compounds formed from the reaction of acids and bases have various applications, from food seasoning to industrial uses. By the end of this chapter, you'll not only grasp the core concepts of acids, bases, and salts but also appreciate their relevance in your daily activities and in nature. This foundational knowledge is essential for your further studies in science.

Acids, Bases and Salts Revision Guide

Download the Acids, Bases and Salts revision guide with key points, summaries, and quick revision notes for CBSE Class 10 Science.

Key Points

1

Define acids and bases with examples.

Acids are sour in taste and turn blue litmus red, e.g., lemon juice. Bases are bitter and turn red litmus blue, e.g., baking soda.

2

Explain the pH scale.

The pH scale measures acidity or alkalinity from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very alkaline). A pH of 7 is neutral, like pure water.

3

Neutralization reaction formula.

Acid + Base → Salt + Water. Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O.

4

Role of water in acid-base reactions.

Water is essential for acids and bases to produce H+ and OH- ions, enabling their characteristic reactions.

5

Common natural indicators.

Litmus, turmeric, and red cabbage are natural indicators that change color in acids and bases.

6

Synthetic indicators examples.

Methyl orange and phenolphthalein are synthetic indicators used in labs to test for acids and bases.

7

Acid + Metal reaction.

Acids react with metals to produce salt and hydrogen gas. Example: Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2.

8

Base + Metal reaction.

Some bases react with metals to produce salt and hydrogen gas. Example: 2NaOH + Zn → Na2ZnO2 + H2.

9

Acid + Metal Carbonate reaction.

Produces salt, water, and CO2. Example: Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2.

10

Uses of bleaching powder.

Used for bleaching clothes, disinfecting water, and as an oxidizing agent in industries.

11

Preparation of baking soda.

NaCl + H2O + CO2 + NH3 → NH4Cl + NaHCO3. Used in cooking and as an antacid.

12

Uses of washing soda.

Used in glass, soap, and paper industries, and for removing water hardness.

13

Water of crystallization.

Fixed water molecules in salts like CuSO4.5H2O, lost on heating, restoring on adding water.

14

Plaster of Paris preparation.

Heating gypsum at 373K gives CaSO4.½H2O. Used for casts and molds.

15

pH in everyday life.

Optimal pH is crucial for digestion, plant growth, and preventing tooth decay.

16

Acid rain effects.

pH <5.6 harms aquatic life, buildings, and soil fertility.

17

Antacids function.

Neutralize excess stomach acid. Example: Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl → MgCl2 + 2H2O.

18

Chlor-alkali process.

Electrolysis of NaCl solution produces NaOH, Cl2, and H2, used in various industries.

19

Olfactory indicators.

Substances like onion and vanilla change smell in acids and bases.

20

Importance of dilution.

Always add acid to water slowly to prevent violent reactions and splashing.

Acids, Bases and Salts Practice Questions & Answers

Practice important questions and exam-style problems from Acids, Bases and Salts. These questions cover key topics from the CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus.

How to practice: Start with the questions below to test your understanding of Acids, Bases and Salts. Use the revision guide to review concepts you find difficult, then come back and retry the questions for better retention.

View all 393 Acids, Bases and Salts questions
Q9

What is the difference between a base and an alkali?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001486
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Q10

Why should caution be taken when mixing concentrated acids or bases with water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001487
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Q11

How does the process of dilution affect the concentration of ions in a solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001488
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Q12

How can you determine if a salt is acidic, basic, or neutral?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001489
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Q13

What is the significance of sodium chloride as a raw material for various chemicals?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001490
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Q14

How is sodium hydroxide produced using the chlor-alkali process?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001491
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Q15

How is bleaching powder produced and what are its uses?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001493
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Q16

What is the chemical name of baking soda and how is it produced?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001494
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Q17

How can baking soda be used to neutralize an acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001495
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Q18

What reaction takes place when sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated during cooking?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001496
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Q19

What are the uses of baking soda in household applications?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001497
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Q20

How is baking powder different from baking soda?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001498
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Q21

What precautions should be taken when using concentrated acids or bases?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001499
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Q22

How can you determine the pH of a solution using pH paper?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001500
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Q23

What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001501
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Q24

How does the formation of salts from acids and bases affect the pH of the resulting solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001502
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Q25

What are the properties of acids that make them acidic?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001780
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Q26

How can you test the acidic properties of alkalis such as sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001781
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Q27

Do acids produce ions only in aqueous solution? Explain.

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001782
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Q28

How can you test the gas evolved in the reaction between NaCl and concentrated sulphuric acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001784
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Q29

What can you infer about the acidic character of dry HCl gas and HCl solution based on the experiment?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001785
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Q30

Why do hydrogen ions in HCl require the presence of water to be produced?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001786
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Q31

How do bases generate hydroxide ions in water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001787
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Q32

What is the difference between a base and an alkali?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001788
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Q33

Why should caution be taken when mixing concentrated acids or bases with water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001789
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Q34

How can you determine if a salt is acidic, basic, or neutral?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001790
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Q35

What is the pH value of salts formed by a strong acid and a strong base?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001791
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Q36

How is sodium chloride obtained from seawater and rock salt deposits?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001792
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Q37

What is the significance of sodium chloride in the context of Mahatma Gandhi's Dandi March?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001793
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Q38

How is sodium hydroxide produced using the chlor-alkali process?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001794
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Q39

What are the products formed during the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001795
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Q40

How is bleaching powder produced and what are its uses?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001796
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Q41

What is the chemical name of baking soda and how is it produced?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001797
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Q42

How can baking soda be used to neutralize an acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001798
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Q43

What reaction takes place when sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated during cooking?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001799
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Q44

What are the uses of baking soda in household applications?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001800
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Q45

How is baking powder different from baking soda?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001801
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Q46

What precautions should be taken when using baking soda in cooking?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001802
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Q47

How can you test the pH of sodium hydrogencarbonate?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001803
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Q48

How does the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base result in the formation of salt and water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00001804
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Q49

What are the properties of acids that make them acidic?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002018
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Q50

How can you test the acidic properties of alkalis such as sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002019
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Q51

Do acids only produce ions in aqueous solutions? Explain.

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002020
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Q52

How can you test the gas evolved in the reaction between NaCl and concentrated sulphuric acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002022
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Q53

What can you infer about the acidic character of dry HCl gas and HCl solution based on the experiment?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002023
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Q54

Why do hydrogen ions in HCl require the presence of water to be produced?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002024
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Q55

How do bases generate hydroxide ions in water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002025
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Q56

What is the difference between a base and an alkali?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002026
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Q57

Why should caution be taken when mixing concentrated acids or bases with water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002027
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Q58

How can you determine if a salt is acidic, basic, or neutral?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002028
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Q59

What is the pH value of salts formed by a strong acid and a strong base?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002029
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Q60

How is sodium chloride obtained from seawater and rock salt deposits?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002030
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Q61

What is the significance of sodium chloride in the context of Mahatma Gandhi's Dandi March?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002031
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Q62

How is sodium hydroxide produced using the chlor-alkali process?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002032
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Q63

What are the products formed during the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002033
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Q64

How is bleaching powder produced and what are its uses?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002034
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Q65

What is the chemical name of baking soda and how is it produced?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002035
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Q66

How can baking soda be used to neutralize an acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002036
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Q67

What reaction takes place when sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated during cooking?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002037
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Q68

What are the uses of baking soda in household applications?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002038
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Q69

How is baking powder made and what is its composition?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002039
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Q70

What are the properties of a mild non-corrosive basic salt?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002040
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Q71

How does baking powder react when heated or mixed in water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002041
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Q72

How can you correlate the pH of sodium hydrogencarbonate with its ability to neutralize an acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002042
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Q73

What are the properties of acids that make them acidic?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002483
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Q74

How can you test the acidic properties of alkalis such as sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00002484
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Q75

Which of the following is an example of a neutral salt?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004291
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Q76

What is the chemical formula for potassium sulfate?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004292
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Q77

Which salt is produced when nitric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004293
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Q78

What determines whether a salt solution is acidic, basic, or neutral?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004294
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Q79

Which of the following salts is considered acidic?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004295
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Q80

If a salt is formed from a strong acid and a weak base, what is the expected pH of the salt solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004296
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Q81

What is the role of litmus in testing salt solutions?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004297
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Q82

Which of the following salts is derived from a non-metal acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004298
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Q83

Which property of salt allows it to be used as a preservative?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004299
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Q84

Which ion concentration level would indicate a strong acid salt in solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004300
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Q85

What result would you expect when mixing a strong acid with a strong base?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004301
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Q86

Which of the following is a characteristic of salts?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004302
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Q87

How can salts be classified based on the strength of the acids and bases they originate from?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004303
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Q88

When a metal reacts with an acid, what gas is typically evolved?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004304
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Q89

Which salt is commonly known as baking soda?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004305
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Q90

What is the expected pH of a solution made by dissolving copper sulfate?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004306
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Q91

What is the pH range of acids?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004307
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Q92

What gas is typically produced when an acid reacts with a metal?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004308
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Q93

Which of the following is a characteristic property of bases?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004309
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Q94

What is a common use for vinegar in terms of acids?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004310
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Q95

What happens when a strong acid is diluted with water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004311
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Q96

Which indicator would you use to test for acids and bases?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004312
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Q97

What is the primary product when an acid reacts with a carbonate?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004313
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Q98

Which of the following is a correct example of a neutralization reaction?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004314
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Q99

What changes in color would you expect when phenolphthalein is added to an acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004315
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Q100

Which of the following is a strong base?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004316
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Q101

Which reaction exemplifies how non-metallic oxides can behave as acids?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004317
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Q102

What is the result of mixing equal molar amounts of an acid and a base?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004318
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Q103

Why are acids typically considered corrosive?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004319
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Q104

How does the structure of an alkali affect its basicity?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004320
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Q105

What would happen if you add lemon juice to baking soda?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004321
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Q106

What does a lower pH value indicate about a solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004322
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Q107

Which of the following is a strong acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004323
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Q108

How does the concentration of hydronium ions change when an acid is diluted?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004324
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Q109

What pH value indicates a neutral solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004325
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Q110

Why do acids conduct electricity in aqueous solutions?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004326
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Q111

What happens to the concentration of hydroxide ions when excess base is added to a sodium hydroxide solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004327
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Q112

Which of these indicators can be used to measure pH?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004328
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Q113

What is an example of a weak acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004329
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Q114

What is the significance of the pH scale in everyday life?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004330
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Q115

When mixing an acid with water, why must the acid be added to water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004331
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Q116

How does the strength of an acid relate to the amount of ions it produces?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004332
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Q117

What color does a universal indicator turn in an acidic solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004333
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Q118

Which statement about pH values is false?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004334
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Q119

Which of the following is a characteristic of a strong base?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004335
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Q120

What is the maximum pH value for any solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004336
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Q121

What do all acids release in solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004375
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Q122

Which of the following is true for all bases?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004377
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Q123

What is a common feature of all strong acids?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004379
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Q124

During neutralization, what do acids and bases react to form?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004381
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Q125

Which property is characteristic of acids?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004383
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Q126

What ion do bases release when dissolved in water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004385
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Q127

Which of the following is a misconception about acids?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004387
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Q128

Which property do both acids and bases share?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004389
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Q129

What is a typical use of bases in daily life?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004391
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Q130

What type of reaction occurs when an acid and a base interact?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004393
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Q131

Why do acids conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004395
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Q132

What characteristic do weak acids share?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004396
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Q133

Which of the following is an example of an alkali?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004397
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Q134

What happens to pH when an acid is mixed with a base?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004398
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Q135

Why is it important to neutralize excess stomach acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004399
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Q136

Which of the following shows an acid/base reaction?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004400
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Q137

Which gas is evolved when a metal reacts with an acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00004402
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Q138

Which of the following is a characteristic property of acids?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019052
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Q139

What gas is released when an acid reacts with a metal?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019053
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Q140

Which acid is considered a strong acid that completely ionizes in water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019054
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Q141

What is the pH range of acids?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019055
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Q142

Which of the following indicators can be used to test for acids?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019056
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Q143

When an acid reacts with a carbonate, what product is formed?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019057
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Q144

Which of the following solutions would give a red litmus test?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019058
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Q145

What is produced when an acid reacts with a base?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019059
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Q146

Which of the following would indicate a basic solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019060
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Q147

An acid-base buffer solution helps maintain what?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019061
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Q148

What is the effect of phenolphthalein in a basic solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019062
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Q149

How do non-metal oxides typically react with bases?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019063
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Q150

Which of the following compounds is a weak acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019064
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Q151

What kind of solution does NaOH produce in water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019065
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Q152

What should not be stored in copper vessels due to a potential chemical reaction?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019066
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Q153

Which of the following correctly describes an acid-base reaction?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019067
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Q154

What is the chemical formula for sodium chloride?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019068
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Q155

Which type of salt is formed from a strong acid and a strong base?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019069
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Q156

Which of the following salts is acidic in nature?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019070
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Q157

The pH of a solution made from sodium acetate is likely to be:

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019071
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Q158

What ion concentration increases when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019072
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Q159

Which salt can be formed by the reaction of sulfuric acid and sodium bicarbonate?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019073
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Q160

Which of the following is an example of a basic salt?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019074
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Q161

Which salt belongs to the family of chlorides?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019075
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Q162

How does increasing the concentration of hydrogen ions affect a solution's pH?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019076
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Q163

What is the purpose of neutralizing an acidic soil with lime?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019077
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Q164

Which of the following is used as a natural indicator?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019078
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Q165

Identify the family of the following salt: Ammonium sulfate.

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019079
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Q166

Which method is used to obtain sodium chloride from seawater?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019080
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Q167

If solution A has a higher pH than solution B, which statement is correct?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019081
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Q168

What happens to the color of litmus paper when it is dipped in an acidic solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019082
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Q169

Which gas is evolved when an acid reacts with a carbonate?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019083
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Q170

What is the effect of adding a base to a salt solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019084
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Q171

A farmer adds lime to his acidic soil. What is the main benefit of this action?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019085
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Q172

Which of the following is a characteristic of neutral salts?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019086
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Q173

Which of the following solutions is considered neutral on the pH scale?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019087
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Q174

Which of the following acids is considered a strong acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019088
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Q175

What happens to the hydronium ion concentration when an acid is diluted?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019089
View explanation
Q176

What is the pH range of acidic solutions?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019090
View explanation
Q177

Why do weak acids conduct electricity poorly compared to strong acids?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019091
View explanation
Q178

What impact does adding water to a strong acid have?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019092
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Q179

Which of the following indicators would be best for determining a strong base?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019093
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Q180

How does the pH of a solution change when a base is added?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019094
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Q181

What is the primary reason that pure water has a pH of 7?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019095
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Q182

In what way do strong acids differ from weak acids?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019096
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Q183

Which of the following scenarios would lead to an acidic solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019097
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Q184

What effect does pH have on plant growth?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019098
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Q185

Why is it dangerous to mix strong acids with water differently than recommended?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019099
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Q186

When considering acid rain, what pH value typically defines it?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019100
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Q187

How does the dilution of an acid affect its conductivity?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019101
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Q188

What role does the pH scale play in everyday life?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019102
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Q189

What do all acids have in common regarding their reaction with metals?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019103
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Q190

Which ion is common to all acids when dissolved in water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019104
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Q191

What common property do all bases exhibit when dissolved in water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019105
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Q192

Which of the following is a characteristic of both acids and bases?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019106
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Q193

In a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base, what is the usual result?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019107
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Q194

What is the result when an acid dissolves in water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019108
View explanation
Q195

What property is shared by both strong acids and bases in terms of electrical conductivity?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019109
View explanation
Q196

Which of the following shows that an acid is present in a solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019110
View explanation
Q197

What do all bases produce when they are dissolved in water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019111
View explanation
Q198

Which of the following describes an acid-base reaction correctly?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019112
View explanation
Q199

Acids and bases can be classified based on their ability to release ions in solutions. What do they release respectively?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019113
View explanation
Q200

When an acid is mixed with water, what precaution should be taken?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019114
View explanation
Q201

What could be concluded if both an acid and a base seem to neutralize each other?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019115
View explanation
Q202

What must happen for acid and base reactions to produce a salt and water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00019116
View explanation
Q203

Which of the following is a characteristic property of acids?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039869
View explanation
Q204

What gas is produced when an acid reacts with a metal?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039870
View explanation
Q205

Which of the following indicators can be used to test for acidic solutions?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039871
View explanation
Q206

What color does phenolphthalein turn in a basic solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039872
View explanation
Q207

Which acid is commonly found in vinegar?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039873
View explanation
Q208

What reaction is observed when an acid reacts with a base?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039874
View explanation
Q209

Which substance acts as an olfactory indicator?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039875
View explanation
Q210

What type of reaction occurs between an acid and a carbonate?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039876
View explanation
Q211

Why should curd not be stored in copper vessels?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039877
View explanation
Q212

What happens to the pH of a solution when an acid is added?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039878
View explanation
Q213

Which property differentiates a strong acid from a weak acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039879
View explanation
Q214

Which of the following would be classified as a base?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039880
View explanation
Q215

What is the result of mixing a strong acid and a strong base?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039881
View explanation
Q216

What pH value corresponds to a neutral solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039882
View explanation
Q217

What is the primary reason hydrogen gas is tested with a burning splint?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039883
View explanation
Q218

Which of the following is NOT a property of bases?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039884
View explanation
Q219

What is the chemical formula for sodium chloride?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039885
View explanation
Q220

Which type of salt is formed from the reaction of a strong acid and a strong base?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039886
View explanation
Q221

Which of the following salts is commonly used as a baking ingredient?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039887
View explanation
Q222

Which gas is released when zinc reacts with an acid to produce a salt?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039888
View explanation
Q223

What family do sodium sulfate and sodium nitrate belong to?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039889
View explanation
Q224

Which of the following salts is formed from a strong acid and a weak base?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039890
View explanation
Q225

Which indicator can be used to test for the presence of acids and bases?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039891
View explanation
Q226

What happens to the pH of a solution when an acidic salt is dissolved in water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039892
View explanation
Q227

Which of the following salts is a bicarbonate?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039893
View explanation
Q228

Which of these methods can be used to prepare a salt?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039894
View explanation
Q229

What type of solution does calcium sulfate produce when dissolved in water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039895
View explanation
Q230

Which process is involved in obtaining sodium chloride from seawater?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039896
View explanation
Q231

What is the common name for calcium carbonate?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039897
View explanation
Q232

If a salt is formed from a weak acid and a strong base, what will be its pH?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039898
View explanation
Q233

What happens when an alkaline solution is neutralized with an acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039899
View explanation
Q234

Which of the following statements about rock salt is true?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039900
View explanation
Q235

How can the pH of a salt solution help determine its composition?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039901
View explanation
Q236

What do all acids produce when they dissolve in water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039902
View explanation
Q237

Which property is common to all bases?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039903
View explanation
Q238

What ion do all bases generate when dissolved in water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039904
View explanation
Q239

Which of the following is a characteristic reaction of all acids?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039905
View explanation
Q240

Which common ion found in all acids contributes to their behavior in chemical reactions?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039906
View explanation
Q241

Why are acids considered electrolytes?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039907
View explanation
Q242

What type of change occurs when an acid reacts with a base?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039908
View explanation
Q243

How do acids typically affect pH when added to a solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039909
View explanation
Q244

Which of the following statements is true about bases?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039910
View explanation
Q245

What is the main reason that all acids are corrosive?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039911
View explanation
Q246

What common ion do neutralization reactions always involve?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039912
View explanation
Q247

Which of the following is a characteristic of all acids when tested with litmus paper?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039913
View explanation
Q248

What occurs when a strong acid is diluted with water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039914
View explanation
Q249

Which of the following statements best describes a common property of both acids and bases?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039915
View explanation
Q250

Why are alkalis significant in the context of acids and bases?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039916
View explanation
Q251

What is a typical consequence of mixing an acid with a base?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039917
View explanation
Q252

What is the pH range of acidic solutions?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039934
View explanation
Q253

What happens to the pH of a solution when an acid is diluted?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039935
View explanation
Q254

Which of the following indicates a strong acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039936
View explanation
Q255

What is a common property of strong bases in an aqueous solution?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039937
View explanation
Q256

Why is HCl gas unable to change the color of dry litmus paper?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039938
View explanation
Q257

When mixing acid with water, which procedure is recommended?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039939
View explanation
Q258

The universal indicator changes color based on which ion concentration?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039940
View explanation
Q259

If the pH of a solution decreases from 7 to 5, what happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039941
View explanation
Q260

Which of the following has a pH value near neutral?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039942
View explanation
Q261

What is the primary reason acid rain is harmful to aquatic life?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039943
View explanation
Q262

How does a strong base like NaOH affect pH when added to water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039944
View explanation
Q263

What happens to the strength of a base when it is diluted?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039945
View explanation
Q264

Which substance would you identify as a weak acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039946
View explanation
Q265

What effect does adding a strong acid to water have on the pH?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039947
View explanation
Q266

At what pH is a solution considered neutral?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039948
View explanation
Q267

Which indicator would you use to measure a wide range of pH values?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039949
View explanation
Q268

What is the effect of temperature on the pH of pure water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00039950
View explanation
Q269

The natural sources of oxalic acid, lactic acid and methanoic acid respectively are:

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00205844
View explanation
Q270

Which one of the following can be used as an acid-base indicator by a visually impaired (blind) student?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00205848
View explanation
Q271

How is tooth decay related to pH? How can it be prevented?

Text
Q-00205851
View explanation
Q272

Write the preparation of baking soda with balanced chemical equation.

Text
Q-00205852
View explanation
Q273

Write the preparation of bleaching powder with balanced chemical equation.

Text
Q-00205853
View explanation
Q274

Explain chlor-alkali process with chemical equation. Name the products formed at anode and cathode.

Text
Q-00205854
View explanation
Q275

Write the preparation of plaster of Paris with balanced chemical equation.

Text
Q-00205857
View explanation
Q276

Which one of the following can be used as an acid-base indicator by a visually impaired (blind) student?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00205931
View explanation
Q277

The natural sources of oxalic acid, lactic acid and methanoic acid respectively are:

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00205934
View explanation
Q278

Why does one feel pain and irritation when stung by honey-bee? Rubbing of baking soda on the stung area gives relief. How?

Text
Q-00205937
View explanation
Q279

Explain chlor-alkali process with chemical equation. Name the products formed at anode and cathode.

Text
Q-00205941
View explanation
Q280

Write the preparation of baking soda with balanced chemical equation.

Text
Q-00205944
View explanation
Q281

Write the preparation of bleaching powder with balanced chemical equation.

Text
Q-00205943
View explanation
Q282

Write the preparation of Plaster of Paris with balanced chemical equation.

Text
Q-00205942
View explanation
Q283

A metal carbonate reacts with a solution X which forms a salt, water and a gas Y. What are X and Y?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206007
View explanation
Q284

The pH of the gastric juices released during digestion is:

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206008
View explanation
Q285

Baking powder is a mixture of:

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206009
View explanation
Q286

In the given diagram, when electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of common salt, substance Z is produced along with gases X and Y. Gas Y burns with a pop sound and X is used for disinfecting drinking water. Write the names of gases X and Y.

Text
Q-00206021
View explanation
Q287

Write the balanced chemical equation for the formation of substance Z in the chlor-alkali process.

Text
Q-00206022
View explanation
Q288

What happens if CO2 gas is passed through ammoniacal solution of aqueous NaCl?

Text
Q-00206023
View explanation
Q289

What happens if a drop of red litmus solution is added to the aqueous solution of substance Z?

Text
Q-00206024
View explanation
Q290

Identify substance A and write the balanced chemical equation of the reaction which takes place in its preparation.

Text
Q-00206025
View explanation
Q291

Rain water is called ‘acid rain’ when its:

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206085
View explanation
Q292

Tamarind is a natural source of which acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206086
View explanation
Q293

A metal carbonate reacts with a solution X which forms a salt, water and a gas Y. What are X and Y?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206088
View explanation
Q294

Write the balanced chemical equation for the formation of substance ‘Z’.

Text
Q-00206103
View explanation
Q295

What happens if a drop of red litmus solution is added to the aqueous solution of substance ‘Z’?

Text
Q-00206104
View explanation
Q296

In the given diagram, when electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of common salt, a substance ‘Z’ is produced along with gases ‘X’ and ‘Y’. Gas ‘Y’ burns with a pop sound and ‘X’ is used for disinfecting drinking water. Write the names of gases ‘X’ and ‘Y’.

Text
Q-00206105
View explanation
Q297

What happens if CO2 gas is passed through ammoniacal solution of aqueous NaCl?

Text
Q-00206106
View explanation
Q298

Identify the substance ‘A’ and write the balanced chemical equation of the reaction which takes place in its preparation.

Text
Q-00206107
View explanation
Q299

Tomato is a natural source of which acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206225
View explanation
Q300

A metal carbonate reacts with a solution X which forms a salt, water and a gas Y. What are X and Y?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206228
View explanation
Q301

Which of the following compounds is used for removing permanent hardness of water?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206229
View explanation
Q302

In the given diagram, when electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of common salt, gases ‘X’ and ‘Y’ are evolved. A burning matchstick brought near gas ‘Y’ burns with a pop sound, whereas ‘X’ is used for disinfecting drinking water. Write the names of gases ‘X’ and ‘Y’.

Text
Q-00206243
View explanation
Q303

Write the balanced chemical equation for the formation of substance ‘Z’ produced during electrolysis of aqueous common salt solution.

Text
Q-00206245
View explanation
Q304

What happens if a drop of red litmus solution is added to the aqueous solution of substance ‘Z’?

Text
Q-00206246
View explanation
Q305

Identify substance ‘A’ and write the balanced chemical equation of the reaction which takes place in its preparation when gas ‘X’ is passed through slaked lime.

Text
Q-00206247
View explanation
Q306

What happens if CO2 gas is passed through ammoniacal solution of aqueous NaCl?

Text
Q-00206248
View explanation
Q307

To a small amount of copper oxide in a beaker, when we add dilute hydrochloric acid slowly with stirring, the change in the colour of the solution is due to the formation of:

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206308
View explanation
Q308

In which case/cases will the bulb glow considering that all other connections of electric circuit are complete and working?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206312
View explanation
Q309

Give reason: For dilution of an acid, acid is added into water and not water into acid.

Text
Q-00206317
View explanation
Q310

Give reason: Blue colour of Copper(II) sulphate crystals turns white on heating.

Text
Q-00206320
View explanation
Q311

Give reason: Dry HCl gas does not turn blue litmus red whereas dilute hydrochloric acid does.

Text
Q-00206319
View explanation
Q312

Write the preparation of NaOH by chlor-alkali process with balanced chemical equation.

Text
Q-00206321
View explanation
Q313

Write the preparation of Baking Soda with balanced chemical equation.

Text
Q-00206322
View explanation
Q314

Write the preparation of Plaster of Paris with balanced chemical equation.

Text
Q-00206323
View explanation
Q315

Which one of the following can be used as an acid-base indicator by a visually impaired (blind) student?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206397
View explanation
Q316

The natural sources of oxalic acid, lactic acid and methanoic acid respectively are:

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206402
View explanation
Q317

Explain chlor-alkali process with chemical equation. Name the products formed at anode and cathode.

Text
Q-00206410
View explanation
Q318

Write the preparation of following compounds with balanced chemical equation: (i) Baking soda (ii) Bleaching powder (iii) Plaster of Paris.

Text
Q-00206411
View explanation
Q319

To a small amount of copper oxide in a beaker, when dilute hydrochloric acid is added slowly with stirring, the change in colour of the solution is due to the formation of:

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206477
View explanation
Q320

In which case/cases will the bulb glow considering that all other connections of electric circuit are complete and working?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206482
View explanation
Q321

Give reason: For dilution of an acid, acid is added into water and not water into acid.

Text
Q-00206488
View explanation
Q322

Give reason: Dry HCl gas does not turn blue litmus red whereas dilute hydrochloric acid does.

Text
Q-00206489
View explanation
Q323

Give reason: Blue colour of Copper(II) sulphate crystals turns white on heating.

Text
Q-00206490
View explanation
Q324

Write the preparation of NaOH by chlor-alkali process with balanced chemical equation.

Text
Q-00206491
View explanation
Q325

Write the preparation of baking soda with balanced chemical equation.

Text
Q-00206492
View explanation
Q326

Write the preparation of plaster of Paris with balanced chemical equation.

Text
Q-00206493
View explanation
Q327

The acid present in nettle sting is:

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206558
View explanation
Q328

Assertion (A): It is advised that while diluting a concentrated acid, acid should be added slowly to water and not water to acid. Reason (R): The process of dissolving an acid in water is endothermic.

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206563
View explanation
Q329

Give reason: Dry HCl gas does not change the colour of a dry blue litmus paper.

Text
Q-00206564
View explanation
Q330

Give reason: Copper sulphate crystals turn white on heating.

Text
Q-00206565
View explanation
Q331

During electrolysis of brine solution, a gas (A) is liberated at the anode. When the gas (A) is passed through slaked lime, a compound (B) is formed which is used for disinfecting drinking water. Write the names of (A) and (B).

Text
Q-00206569
View explanation
Q332

During electrolysis of brine solution, a gas (A) is liberated at the anode. When the gas (A) is passed through slaked lime, a compound (B) is formed which is used for disinfecting drinking water. Write one use of compound (B) other than disinfecting water.

Text
Q-00206570
View explanation
Q333

Define the term with an example: Olfactory indicators.

Text
Q-00206571
View explanation
Q334

Define the term with an example: Water of crystallisation.

Text
Q-00206573
View explanation
Q335

Define the term with an example: Basic salt.

Text
Q-00206572
View explanation
Q336

During electrolysis of brine solution, a gas (A) is liberated at the anode. When the gas (A) is passed through slaked lime, a compound (B) is formed which is used for disinfecting drinking water. Write the chemical equation involved.

Text
Q-00206574
View explanation
Q337

An aqueous solution turns red litmus blue. Excess addition of which of the following solutions would reverse the change?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206635
View explanation
Q338

A compound ‘A’ is used in soda-lime fire-extinguisher and decomposes on heating to form compound ‘B’. Compound ‘B’ is used for removing permanent hardness of water. Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’.

Text
Q-00206640
View explanation
Q339

How will you protect yourself from the heat generated while diluting a concentrated acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206641
View explanation
Q340

Write chemical formula of Plaster of Paris. At what temperature is gypsum heated to obtain Plaster of Paris?

Text
Q-00206642
View explanation
Q341

What type of indicator is used to predict how strong an acid or base is?

Text
Q-00206650
View explanation
Q342

Three solutions A, B and C showed pH as 3, 5 and 7. Which solution has the highest concentration of H+ ions?

Text
Q-00206651
View explanation
Q343

What are strong acids and weak acids?

Text
Q-00206652
View explanation
Q344

Under what condition is rainwater called acid rain?

Text
Q-00206653
View explanation
Q345

In the following acids, identify weak acids: nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, sulphuric acid, formic acid.

Text
Q-00206656
View explanation
Q346

An aqueous solution turns red litmus blue. Excess addition of which of the following solution would reverse the change?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206717
View explanation
Q347

How will you protect yourself from the heat generated while diluting a concentrated acid?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206719
View explanation
Q348

Write the balanced chemical equation involved in the preparation of baking soda.

Text
Q-00206723
View explanation
Q349

The pH plays an important role in our daily life. What type of indicator is used to predict how strong an acid or base is?

Text
Q-00206733
View explanation
Q350

Three solutions A, B and C showed pH as 3, 5 and 7. Which solution has the highest concentration of H+ ions?

Text
Q-00206734
View explanation
Q351

What are strong acids and weak acids?

Text
Q-00206735
View explanation
Q352

Under what condition is rainwater called acid rain?

Text
Q-00206736
View explanation
Q353

In the following acids, identify weak acids: Nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, sulphuric acid, formic acid.

Text
Q-00206737
View explanation
Q354

An aqueous solution turns red litmus blue. Excess addition of which of the following solution would reverse the change?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206798
View explanation
Q355

Which one of the following chemicals is used in soda-acid fire-extinguishers?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206805
View explanation
Q356

Write the balanced chemical equation for the preparation of sodium hydroxide by electrolysis of brine solution.

Text
Q-00206806
View explanation
Q357

Write the balanced chemical equation for the preparation of sodium carbonate.

Text
Q-00206807
View explanation
Q358

The pH plays an important role in our daily life. Strength of acids and bases depends on the number of H+ ions and OH– ions produced by these respectively. pH scale helps in predicting the strength of acids and bases by measuring hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. What type of indicator is used to predict how strong an acid or base is?

Text
Q-00206817
View explanation
Q359

The pH plays an important role in our daily life. Strength of acids and bases depends on the number of H+ ions and OH– ions produced by these respectively. pH scale helps in predicting the strength of acids and bases by measuring hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. What are strong acids and weak acids?

Text
Q-00206818
View explanation
Q360

The pH plays an important role in our daily life. Strength of acids and bases depends on the number of H+ ions and OH– ions produced by these respectively. pH scale helps in predicting the strength of acids and bases by measuring hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. Three solutions A, B and C showed pH as 3, 5 and 7. Which solution has the highest concentration of H+ ions?

Text
Q-00206819
View explanation
Q361

Under what condition is rainwater called acid rain?

Text
Q-00206820
View explanation
Q362

In the following acids, identify weak acids: Nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, sulphuric acid, formic acid.

Text
Q-00206821
View explanation
Q363

Study the following table and select the correct option: Salt, Acid used, Base used, Nature of Salt. (A) NaCl, HCl, NaOH, Basic (B) Na2CO3, H2CO3, NaOH, Neutral (C) Na2SO4, H2SO4, NaOH, Acidic (D) CH3COONa, CH3COOH, NaOH, Basic

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206876
View explanation
Q364

Four solutions, namely fructose, ethanol, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide filled in four separate beakers are connected one by one in an electric circuit with a bulb. The solutions in which the bulb will glow when current is passed are:

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206878
View explanation
Q365

Define the term: Olfactory indicator.

Text
Q-00206880
View explanation
Q366

Define the term: Water of crystallization.

Text
Q-00206881
View explanation
Q367

(a) Give the chemical name and formula of Plaster of Paris. (b) Write the chemical equation of its preparation. (c) Give any two uses of it.

Text
Q-00206886
View explanation
Q368

(a) Name the acid present in ant’s sting. (b) Give reason: (i) While diluting an acid, it is recommended that the acid should be added to water. (ii) Baking soda is used as an antacid.

Text
Q-00206888
View explanation
Q369

In which case/cases will the bulb glow considering that all other connections of electric circuit are complete and working?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206935
View explanation
Q370

To a small amount of copper oxide in a beaker, when dilute hydrochloric acid is added slowly with stirring, the change in colour of the solution is due to formation of:

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00206939
View explanation
Q371

Give reasons: (i) For dilution of an acid, acid is added into water and not water into acid. (ii) Dry HCl gas does not turn blue litmus red whereas dilute hydrochloric acid does. (iii) Blue colour of Copper(II) sulphate crystals turns white on heating.

Text
Q-00206944
View explanation
Q372

Write the preparation of the following compounds with balanced chemical equations: (i) NaOH by chlor-alkali process. (ii) Baking soda. (iii) Plaster of Paris.

Text
Q-00206945
View explanation
Q373

In the given diagram, if acetic acid of same concentration is taken in place of dilute sulphuric acid, then what will happen?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00207010
View explanation
Q374

Study the table of salt, acid used, base used and nature of salt. Select the correct option.

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00207011
View explanation
Q375

How is a universal indicator obtained? How is the wide range of pH of solution tested by it?

Text
Q-00207015
View explanation
Q376

Give the chemical name and formula of Plaster of Paris.

Text
Q-00207021
View explanation
Q377

Write the chemical equation of preparation of Plaster of Paris.

Text
Q-00207020
View explanation
Q378

Give any two uses of Plaster of Paris.

Text
Q-00207022
View explanation
Q379

Name the acid present in ant’s sting.

Text
Q-00207023
View explanation
Q380

Give reason: Baking soda is used as an antacid.

Text
Q-00207024
View explanation
Q381

Give reason: While diluting an acid, it is recommended that the acid should be added to water.

Text
Q-00207025
View explanation
Q382

Four solutions, namely fructose, ethanol, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, are connected one by one in an electric circuit with a bulb. The solutions in which the bulb will glow when current is passed are:

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00207102
View explanation
Q383

Study the table of salt, acid used, base used and nature of salt, and select the correct option.

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00207103
View explanation
Q384

Write the preparation of baking soda. How does it help in making cakes soft and spongy ?

Text
Q-00207106
View explanation
Q385

Write the chemical equation of preparation of Plaster of Paris.

Text
Q-00207110
View explanation
Q386

Give any two uses of Plaster of Paris.

Text
Q-00207111
View explanation
Q387

Name the acid present in ant’s sting.

Text
Q-00207112
View explanation
Q388

Give reason: While diluting an acid, it is recommended that the acid should be added to water.

Text
Q-00207113
View explanation
Q389

Give reason: Baking soda is used as an antacid.

Text
Q-00207114
View explanation
Q390

Give the chemical name and formula of Plaster of Paris.

Text
Q-00207117
View explanation
Q391

Juice of tamarind turns blue litmus to red. It is because of the presence of an acid called:

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00209003
View explanation
Q392

One formula unit of which one of the following salts has seven molecules of water of crystallisation?

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00209008
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Q393

Assertion (A): Sodium sulphate is a neutral salt. Reason (R): Sodium sulphate is a salt formed by a strong acid and a strong base.

Single Answer MCQ
Q-00209018
View explanation

Acids, Bases and Salts Practice Worksheets

Download and practice Acids, Bases and Salts worksheets to improve problem-solving accuracy and speed for CBSE Class 10 Science exams.

Acids, Bases and Salts - Practice Worksheet

This worksheet covers essential long-answer questions to help you build confidence in Acids, Bases and Salts from Science for Class X (Science).

Practice

Questions

1

Explain the chemical properties of acids with examples.

Acids have several distinct chemical properties. They react with metals to produce hydrogen gas, for example, zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride and hydrogen gas. Acids also react with metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates to produce carbon dioxide, water, and a salt, such as the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate. Additionally, acids turn blue litmus red, have a sour taste, and conduct electricity in aqueous solutions due to the presence of H+ ions. They neutralize bases to form salt and water, a reaction known as neutralization. For instance, hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium chloride and water. Acids also react with metal oxides to form salt and water, like the reaction between sulfuric acid and copper oxide.

2

Describe the process of neutralization with an example.

Neutralization is a chemical reaction where an acid and a base react to form salt and water. This reaction is exothermic, releasing heat. For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), they neutralize each other to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O). The general equation is Acid + Base → Salt + Water. This reaction is crucial in various applications, such as in antacids that neutralize excess stomach acid. Another example is the treatment of acidic soil with lime (calcium hydroxide) to neutralize the acidity. The pH of the resulting solution is 7 if the acid and base are of equal strength, indicating a neutral solution.

3

What is the pH scale and how is it used to measure the strength of acids and bases?

The pH scale is a numerical scale ranging from 0 to 14 used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. A pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is alkaline. The scale is logarithmic, meaning each unit represents a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration. Acids with a pH close to 0 are strong acids, while those near 7 are weak acids. Similarly, bases with a pH near 14 are strong bases, and those closer to 7 are weak bases. The pH can be measured using pH paper or a pH meter. For example, lemon juice has a pH of about 2, making it acidic, while soap has a pH of about 10, making it alkaline. The pH scale is essential in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, and environmental science.

4

How do acids and bases react with metals? Provide examples.

Acids react with most metals to produce hydrogen gas and a salt. For example, when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid, it forms magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. The general reaction is Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas. Bases, on the other hand, react with certain metals like aluminum and zinc to produce hydrogen gas and a salt. For instance, sodium hydroxide reacts with zinc to form sodium zincate and hydrogen gas. These reactions are important in industrial processes, such as the production of hydrogen gas and the extraction of metals from their ores. However, not all metals react with acids or bases; noble metals like gold and platinum do not react.

5

Explain the formation and uses of bleaching powder.

Bleaching powder, chemically known as calcium oxychloride (CaOCl2), is formed by the action of chlorine gas on dry slaked lime (Ca(OH)2). The reaction is Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H2O. Bleaching powder is a white powder with a strong smell of chlorine. It is used for bleaching cotton and linen in the textile industry, bleaching wood pulp in paper manufacturing, and disinfecting drinking water. It also acts as an oxidizing agent in chemical industries. Bleaching powder releases chlorine when treated with dilute acids, which is responsible for its bleaching and disinfecting properties. For example, when treated with hydrochloric acid, it releases chlorine gas, which bleaches colored substances by oxidation.

6

What are indicators and how are they used to test acids and bases?

Indicators are substances that change color in the presence of acids or bases, helping to identify their nature. Natural indicators include litmus, turmeric, and red cabbage juice. Litmus turns red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions. Synthetic indicators like phenolphthalein and methyl orange are also commonly used. Phenolphthalein is colorless in acidic and neutral solutions but turns pink in basic solutions. Methyl orange is red in acidic solutions and yellow in basic solutions. Indicators are used in laboratories and industries to determine the pH of solutions. For example, litmus paper is dipped into a solution to test its acidity or alkalinity. Universal indicator, a mixture of several indicators, gives a range of colors corresponding to different pH values.

7

Describe the preparation and uses of baking soda.

Baking soda, or sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3), is prepared by reacting sodium chloride with water, carbon dioxide, and ammonia in the Solvay process. The reaction is NaCl + H2O + CO2 + NH3 → NH4Cl + NaHCO3. Baking soda is a white crystalline powder with a slightly salty taste. It is used in baking as a leavening agent, where it releases carbon dioxide when heated, making dough rise. It is also used in antacids to neutralize excess stomach acid, in fire extinguishers, and as a cleaning agent. When heated, baking soda decomposes to form sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide: 2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2. This property is utilized in baking and fire extinguishers.

8

Explain the concept of water of crystallization with examples.

Water of crystallization refers to the fixed number of water molecules present in the crystalline structure of a salt. These water molecules are loosely bound and can be removed by heating. For example, copper sulfate crystals (CuSO4.5H2O) contain five water molecules per formula unit. When heated, they lose water and turn white, forming anhydrous copper sulfate. Rehydrating anhydrous copper sulfate restores its blue color. Another example is gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O), which loses water to form plaster of Paris (CaSO4.½H2O) when heated. Water of crystallization affects the physical properties of salts, such as color and shape. It is essential in various applications, including the preparation of plaster and the storage of certain chemicals.

9

What is the importance of pH in everyday life?

pH plays a crucial role in various aspects of everyday life. In the human body, enzymes function optimally within a specific pH range; for example, stomach acid has a pH of about 1.5-3.5 for digestion. Soil pH affects plant growth, with most crops preferring a pH of 6-7. Acid rain, with a pH below 5.6, harms aquatic life and buildings. The pH of water is monitored to ensure it is safe for drinking. In agriculture, lime is added to acidic soil to neutralize it. pH is also important in food preservation, medicine, and industrial processes. For instance, antacids neutralize excess stomach acid, and pH-balanced shampoos maintain hair health. Understanding pH helps in maintaining health, environment, and industrial efficiency.

10

Describe the reaction of acids with metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates.

Acids react with metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates to produce salt, carbon dioxide, and water. For example, hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate to form sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water: Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2. Similarly, sodium hydrogencarbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce sodium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide: NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2. These reactions are used in fire extinguishers, where the carbon dioxide produced helps to smother fires. They are also used in baking, where carbon dioxide makes dough rise. The effervescence observed during these reactions is due to the release of carbon dioxide gas. These reactions are important in various industrial and laboratory processes.

Acids, Bases and Salts - Mastery Worksheet

This worksheet challenges you with deeper, multi-concept long-answer questions from Acids, Bases and Salts to prepare for higher-weightage questions in Class X.

Mastery

Questions

1

Explain the chemical properties of acids with metals, metal carbonates, and metal hydrogencarbonates with relevant equations.

Acids react with metals to produce salt and hydrogen gas. For example, Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2. With metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates, acids produce salt, water, and carbon dioxide. For example, Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2. These reactions are essential for understanding the neutralization process and the production of gases.

2

Compare the pH values of strong acids, weak acids, strong bases, and weak bases. How does pH affect the nature of the solution?

Strong acids have pH values less than 3, weak acids between 3 and 7, strong bases above 11, and weak bases between 7 and 11. The pH value indicates the concentration of H+ ions, affecting the solution's acidity or basicity.

3

Describe the process of neutralization with an example from everyday life.

Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water. An everyday example is using antacids (bases) to neutralize excess stomach acid (HCl), relieving acidity.

4

How do acids and bases conduct electricity? Explain with the help of ionic theory.

Acids and bases conduct electricity in aqueous solutions because they dissociate into ions (H+ and OH-), which are charge carriers. For example, HCl dissociates into H+ and Cl- ions in water.

5

What is the significance of the pH scale in everyday life? Provide examples.

The pH scale is crucial for maintaining the pH balance in soil for agriculture, in the human body for metabolic processes, and in water bodies for aquatic life. For example, acid rain with pH less than 5.6 harms aquatic ecosystems.

6

Explain the formation and uses of bleaching powder with the chemical equation.

Bleaching powder (CaOCl2) is formed by the action of chlorine on dry slaked lime: Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H2O. It is used for bleaching, disinfecting water, and as an oxidizing agent.

7

Discuss the role of water of crystallization in salts with examples.

Water of crystallization is fixed water molecules in a salt's crystal structure. For example, CuSO4.5H2O (blue vitriol) loses water on heating, turning white, and regains color upon adding water.

8

How is Plaster of Paris prepared? Write its uses and the chemical equation involved.

Plaster of Paris (CaSO4.1/2H2O) is prepared by heating gypsum at 373K: CaSO4.2H2O → CaSO4.1/2H2O + 1.5H2O. It is used for making casts, molds, and in construction.

9

What are olfactory indicators? How do they work? Give examples.

Olfactory indicators change smell in acidic or basic media. For example, onion's smell disappears in a base but remains in an acid, indicating the nature of the solution.

10

Explain the chlor-alkali process with a diagram. What are the products and their uses?

The chlor-alkali process involves electrolysis of brine (NaCl solution) producing NaOH (used in soap, paper), Cl2 (disinfectants, PVC), and H2 (fuels, ammonia). The reaction is 2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2.

Acids, Bases and Salts - Challenge Worksheet

The final worksheet presents challenging long-answer questions that test your depth of understanding and exam-readiness for 'Acids, Bases and Salts' in 'Class X'.

Challenge

Questions

1

Evaluate the implications of using natural indicators like turmeric and litmus in real-life scenarios versus synthetic indicators in laboratory settings.

Natural indicators are eco-friendly and easily accessible but lack precision and consistency. Synthetic indicators, like phenolphthalein and methyl orange, offer precise pH measurements but are chemical-based and may pose environmental hazards. For example, turmeric changes color in basic solutions but cannot provide exact pH values, whereas phenolphthalein gives a clear color change at pH 8.3, making it suitable for precise titrations.

2

Analyze the chemical reaction between a metal and an acid, and explain why hydrogen gas is evolved. Provide an example with a balanced chemical equation.

When a metal reacts with an acid, the metal displaces hydrogen from the acid, forming a salt and releasing hydrogen gas. This occurs because metals are more reactive than hydrogen. For example, zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride and hydrogen gas: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂↑. The evolution of hydrogen gas can be tested by bringing a burning candle near the gas, which produces a pop sound.

3

Discuss the significance of pH in everyday life, providing examples of how pH affects biological systems and industrial processes.

pH plays a crucial role in various biological and industrial processes. In biological systems, enzymes function optimally within a specific pH range; for instance, stomach enzymes work best at pH 2. In agriculture, soil pH affects nutrient availability. Industrially, pH control is vital in wastewater treatment to neutralize harmful acids or bases. Deviations from optimal pH can lead to enzyme denaturation or inefficient industrial processes.

4

Compare and contrast the properties and uses of bleaching powder and baking soda, highlighting their chemical compositions and reactions.

Bleaching powder (CaOCl₂) is a strong oxidizing agent used for disinfecting water and bleaching textiles. It reacts with water to release chlorine. Baking soda (NaHCO₃) is a mild base used in cooking and antacids. When heated, it decomposes to release CO₂, making it useful in baking. Both are derived from sodium chloride but serve vastly different purposes due to their chemical properties.

5

Explain the concept of water of crystallization with examples, and describe how it affects the physical properties of salts.

Water of crystallization refers to water molecules chemically bonded to a salt's crystal structure. For example, copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O) appears blue due to these water molecules. Upon heating, the water is lost, turning the salt white. Rehydrating it restores the blue color. This water affects the salt's color, shape, and solubility.

6

Investigate the role of antacids in neutralizing stomach acid, and explain the chemical reaction involved. Why are mild bases preferred over strong ones?

Antacids like magnesium hydroxide neutralize excess stomach acid (HCl) to relieve acidity. The reaction is: Mg(OH)₂ + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + 2H₂O. Mild bases are preferred because strong bases can damage the stomach lining and cause alkalosis, a condition where the body's pH becomes too high.

7

Describe the chlor-alkali process, including the products formed and their industrial applications. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

The chlor-alkali process involves electrolyzing brine (NaCl solution) to produce chlorine gas, hydrogen gas, and sodium hydroxide: 2NaCl + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + Cl₂ + H₂. Chlorine is used for disinfectants and PVC, hydrogen for fuels and ammonia, and sodium hydroxide in soap and paper industries.

8

Evaluate the environmental impact of acid rain, including its causes, effects on ecosystems, and measures to mitigate it.

Acid rain results from sulfur and nitrogen oxides reacting with water vapor, forming sulfuric and nitric acids. It damages aquatic life, soil fertility, and buildings. Mitigation includes reducing fossil fuel combustion, using scrubbers in industries, and promoting renewable energy. For example, limestone can neutralize acidic lakes.

9

Analyze the reaction between a metal carbonate and an acid, and explain how this reaction is utilized in fire extinguishers. Provide a balanced equation.

Metal carbonates react with acids to produce salt, water, and CO₂. In soda-acid fire extinguishers, sodium bicarbonate reacts with sulfuric acid: 2NaHCO₃ + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O + 2CO₂. The CO₂ smothers the fire by displacing oxygen.

10

Discuss the preparation and uses of Plaster of Paris, including the chemical reaction involved in its setting process.

Plaster of Paris (CaSO₄·½H₂O) is prepared by heating gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) at 373K. When mixed with water, it rehydrates to form gypsum, hardening into a solid mass: CaSO₄·½H₂O + 1½H₂O → CaSO₄·2H₂O. It is used for casts, molds, and construction due to its quick-setting property.

Acids, Bases and Salts Formula Sheet

Use this Class 10 Science Acids, Bases and Salts Formula Sheet for quick revision before school exams and CBSE exams. It brings together the important formulas, key concepts, and worked examples in one place so students can revise faster and download a printable PDF for offline study.

Important Formulas

1

pH = -log[H⁺]

pH measures the acidity or basicity of a solution. [H⁺] is the concentration of hydrogen ions in moles per liter. Lower pH values indicate higher acidity.

2

pOH = -log[OH⁻]

pOH measures the basicity of a solution. [OH⁻] is the concentration of hydroxide ions. Lower pOH values indicate higher basicity.

3

pH + pOH = 14

This relationship connects the pH and pOH of a solution at 25°C, showing that as acidity increases, basicity decreases, and vice versa.

4

Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻] = 1×10⁻¹⁴

Kw is the ionic product of water at 25°C, showing the equilibrium concentration of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions in water.

5

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution

Molarity measures the concentration of a solution. Useful for calculating the strength of acids or bases in solution.

6

Normality (N) = Molarity (M) × n-factor

Normality is another concentration measure, where n-factor depends on the substance's reactivity. Important for titration calculations.

7

Dilution formula: M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

This formula calculates the new concentration (M₂) or volume (V₂) after dilution, where M₁ and V₁ are initial molarity and volume.

8

Heat of neutralization: ΔH = -57.1 kJ/mol

The heat released when one mole of water is formed from the neutralization of a strong acid and base. Demonstrates exothermic nature.

9

Buffer capacity

A measure of a buffer's ability to resist pH change upon addition of an acid or base. Depends on the concentration of the buffer components.

10

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])

Estimates the pH of a buffer solution, where [A⁻] is the conjugate base concentration and [HA] is the weak acid concentration.

Worked Examples

1

Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas

General reaction showing acids reacting with metals to produce salt and hydrogen gas. Example: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂.

2

Base + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas

Some bases react with metals to produce salt and hydrogen gas. Example: 2NaOH + Zn → Na₂ZnO₂ + H₂.

3

Acid + Metal carbonate → Salt + Water + CO₂

Reaction of acids with metal carbonates producing salt, water, and carbon dioxide. Example: CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂.

4

Acid + Metal hydrogencarbonate → Salt + Water + CO₂

Similar to metal carbonates, producing salt, water, and CO₂. Example: NaHCO₃ + HCl → NaCl + H₂O + CO₂.

5

Acid + Base → Salt + Water

Neutralization reaction. Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O.

6

Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Water

Basic oxides react with acids to form salt and water. Example: CuO + 2HCl → CuCl₂ + H₂O.

7

Non-metal oxide + Base → Salt + Water

Acidic oxides react with bases to form salt and water. Example: CO₂ + 2NaOH → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O.

8

2NaCl + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + Cl₂ + H₂

Chlor-alkali process producing sodium hydroxide, chlorine, and hydrogen gas.

9

Ca(OH)₂ + Cl₂ → CaOCl₂ + H₂O

Production of bleaching powder from chlorine and dry slaked lime.

10

NaHCO₃ + H⁺ → CO₂ + H₂O + Sodium salt of acid

Reaction of baking soda with acids, releasing CO₂ gas, used in fire extinguishers and baking.

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Acids, Bases and Salts Frequently Asked Questions

Explore the properties and reactions of acids, bases, and salts in this comprehensive Class 10 science chapter. Understand neutralization, pH scale, and practical applications in everyday life.

Acids are substances that donate protons or hydrogen ions (H+) and typically have a sour taste, while bases accept protons or produce hydroxide ions (OH-) and usually have a bitter taste. In solutions, acids change blue litmus paper red, and bases do the opposite.
We can test for acids and bases using indicators like litmus paper, phenolphthalein, or turmeric. For example, a red litmus paper turns blue in the presence of a base, while a blue litmus paper turns red in the presence of an acid.
The pH scale is a numerical scale ranging from 0 to 14 that measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. A pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 indicates acidic solutions, and above 7 indicates alkaline solutions.
When an acid reacts with a base, a neutralization reaction occurs, producing a salt and water. For example, hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacting with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) produces sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O).
Indicators are substances that change color in response to the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. They help us determine whether a solution is acidic or basic without direct chemical testing.
A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base, resulting in the formation of a salt and water. This type of reaction helps to balance the pH levels in various solutions.
Acids should always be added to water and never the other way around because mixing water into concentrated acid can cause an exothermic reaction that may lead to splashing and burns from the acid.
Plants and animals are sensitive to pH levels, as many biological processes function optimally within a specific pH range. Significant deviations can disrupt metabolic activities and harm these organisms.
Water of crystallization refers to the water molecules that are chemically attached to a crystalline substance, contributing to its structure and properties, as seen in compounds like copper sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O).
Baking soda, or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), is commonly used in baking, as an antacid to relieve heartburn, and in cleaning due to its mild abrasive properties.
Higher concentrations of H+ ions in a solution lead to lower pH values, indicating a stronger acidity. Conversely, fewer H+ ions correspond to higher pH values and weaker acidity.
Acid rain results from the dissolution of pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in water, leading to lower pH levels in rain. It can damage aquatic ecosystems, soil health, and infrastructure.
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is essential for various biological functions, acts as a preservative, and is widely used in food preparation. It is also a key ingredient in the production of other important chemicals.
When metals react with acids, hydrogen gas is evolved, and a salt is formed. For instance, when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid, zinc chloride and hydrogen gas are produced.
Olfactory indicators are substances that change their smell when in acidic or basic conditions. For example, vanilla has a different odor when reacted with strong acids or bases.
Tooth decay occurs when the pH in the mouth drops below 5.5, leading to the corrosion of tooth enamel due to the acids produced by bacteria from sugars and food particles.
The strength of acids varies based on their ability to dissociate in solution. Strong acids, like HCl, dissociate completely, while weak acids, such as acetic acid, do not fully dissociate.
The general equation for the reaction of an acid with a metal carbonate is: Acid + Metal Carbonate → Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water. For instance, HCl + Na2CO3 → 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O.
Salt solutions can be neutral (pH 7), acidic, or basic, depending on the strength of the acid and base from which they were formed. For example, sodium chloride is neutral, while ammonium chloride is acidic.
When handling concentrated acids, always wear protective gear such as gloves and goggles, work in a well-ventilated area, and add acid to water slowly to prevent violent reactions.
Soil pH is influenced by factors such as rainfall, organic matter decomposition, fertilization practices, and the types of vegetation present. pH affects nutrient availability and plant growth.
Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) is a mineral used in building materials, such as plaster of Paris, and is essential in agriculture as a soil conditioner to improve soil structure.

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Acids, Bases and Salts Flashcards

Revise key terms and definitions from Acids, Bases and Salts with interactive flashcards. Quick recall practice for CBSE Class 10 Science.

These flash cards cover important concepts from Acids, Bases and Salts in Science for Class 10 (Science).

1/20

What is an acid?

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An acid is a substance that tastes sour and turns blue litmus paper red. Examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and citric acid.

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2/20

What is a base?

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A base is a substance that tastes bitter and turns red litmus paper blue. Examples include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and baking soda.

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3/20

What is a neutralization reaction?

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3/20

A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt. For example, HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O.

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4/20

What does litmus indicate?

4/20

Litmus is a natural indicator that turns red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions. It is derived from lichens.

5/20

What happens to turmeric in basic solutions?

5/20

Turmeric changes from yellow to reddish-brown in the presence of a base.

6/20

What does the pH scale measure?

6/20

The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is. It ranges from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic), with 7 being neutral.

7/20

Name some common acids.

7/20

Some common acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and acetic acid (CH3COOH).

8/20

Name some common bases.

8/20

Some common bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).

9/20

What are the properties of acids?

9/20

Acids taste sour, react with metals to produce hydrogen gas, and turn blue litmus paper red.

10/20

What are the properties of bases?

10/20

Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, turn red litmus paper blue, and can react with acids to form salts.

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What are synthetic indicators?

11/20

Synthetic indicators, like methyl orange and phenolphthalein, are used to test for acidity and basicity.

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What is a key difference between acids and bases?

12/20

Acids donate protons (H+ ions) in solution, while bases accept protons (H+ ions).

13/20

What happens when an acid reacts with a metal?

13/20

When an acid reacts with a metal, it produces salt and hydrogen gas. Example: Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2.

14/20

What is a buffer solution?

14/20

A buffer solution is a weak acid or base that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

15/20

How is acid-base neutralization used in daily life?

15/20

Antacids neutralize excess stomach acid to relieve heartburn or indigestion.

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How does concentration affect pH?

16/20

As the concentration of an acid increases, the pH decreases, indicating a stronger acid. Conversely, the pH increases with a stronger base.

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How are salts formed?

17/20

Salts are formed from the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base.

18/20

What natural indicators can be used?

18/20

Natural indicators include red cabbage juice and beetroot. They change color in the presence of acids or bases.

19/20

Common misconception about strong acids

19/20

Many students confuse all acids as being strong, but some acids are weak (e.g., acetic acid) and don't dissociate completely in solution.

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Why is pH important in the environment?

20/20

pH affects soil health, plant growth, and aquatic life. Acid rain, for example, can harm ecosystems.

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