Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor, typically measured in amperes (A).

An electric circuit is a continuous closed path through which electric current flows.

The SI unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C).

Current is measured using an ammeter, which is connected in series in the circuit.

Potential difference (V) is the work done to move a unit charge from one point to another, measured in volts (V).

The potential difference (V) is defined as V = W/Q, where W is work done and Q is charge.

The SI unit of potential difference is the volt (V).

Basic components include a cell (battery), switch, resistor, and connecting wires.

Ohm's Law states that V = IR, where V is potential difference, I is current, and R is resistance.

The SI unit of resistance is the ohm (Ω).

Resistance depends on length, cross-sectional area, and material of the conductor.

In series, the total resistance (Rs) is the sum: Rs = R1 + R2 + R3.

In parallel, the total resistance (Rp) is given by 1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3.

The same current flows through all components in a series circuit.

The total current is the sum of currents through each parallel branch: I = I1 + I2 + I3.

An ammeter is connected in series to measure current in a circuit.

A voltmeter is connected in parallel across the terminals to measure potential difference.

The heating effect occurs when electric current flows through a conductor, generating heat due to resistance.

It helps calculate current, voltage, or resistance in circuits, aiding in design and troubleshooting.