Electricity

I represents current (amperes), Q is charge (coulombs), and t is time (seconds). This formula calculates the current as the rate of flow of charge. Tip: 1 A = 1 C/s.

V is potential difference (volts), W is work done (joules), and Q is charge (coulombs). It defines potential difference as work done per unit charge. Example: Moving 2 C with 24 J work gives V = 12 V.

R is resistance (ohms), ρ is resistivity (Ωm), l is length (m), and A is cross-sectional area (m²). This shows resistance depends on material and dimensions. Tip: Longer or thinner wires have higher resistance.

P is power (watts), V is potential difference (volts), and I is current (amperes). It calculates the power consumed by a device. Example: A bulb at 220 V and 0.5 A uses 110 W.

H is heat (joules), I is current (amperes), R is resistance (ohms), and t is time (seconds). Joule's law of heating. Tip: Heat increases with the square of current.

Rp is equivalent resistance (ohms) of parallel resistors R₁, R₂, etc. The total resistance decreases in parallel. Example: Two 10 Ω resistors in parallel give 5 Ω.

Rs is equivalent resistance (ohms) of series resistors R₁, R₂, etc. The total resistance adds up in series. Example: Two 10 Ω resistors in series give 20 Ω.

V is potential difference (volts), I is current (amperes), and R is resistance (ohms). Ohm's law, fundamental for circuit analysis. Tip: Directly proportional relationship.

E is energy (joules), V is potential difference (volts), I is current (amperes), and t is time (seconds). Calculates energy consumed by a device. Example: 220 V, 0.5 A for 1 hour is 396 kJ.

P is power (watts), I is current (amperes), and R is resistance (ohms). Alternative power formula, useful when voltage is not known. Derived from P = VI and V = IR.

Defines the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a conductor. Essential for solving circuit problems. Real-world use: Designing electrical circuits.

Total resistance in a series circuit is the sum of individual resistances. Tip: Current remains the same across each resistor.

Reciprocal of total resistance in parallel is the sum of reciprocals of individual resistances. Tip: Voltage remains the same across each resistor.

Calculates power using voltage and resistance. Derived from P = VI and Ohm's law. Useful when current is not directly known.

Calculates current using voltage and resistance. Direct application of Ohm's law. Example: 12 V across 4 Ω gives 3 A.

Energy consumed is power multiplied by time. Real-world use: Calculating electricity bills. Example: 100 W for 10 hours is 1 kWh.

Relates resistance to material properties and dimensions. Tip: Resistivity is a material property, independent of shape.

Charge is current multiplied by time. Useful for calculating total charge flow. Example: 2 A for 5 seconds is 10 C.

Work done to move charge across a potential difference. Example: Moving 2 C across 12 V requires 24 J.

Heat produced in a resistor is voltage times current times time. Alternative to H = I²Rt, emphasizing voltage's role.