This chapter introduces various methods used in psychological research to explore human behavior.
Methods of Enquiry in Psychology - Quick Look Revision Guide
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Key Points
Define goals of psychological enquiry.
The goals include description, prediction, explanation, control, and application of behavior.
What is psychological data?
Psychological data includes demographic, physical, physiological, and psychological information.
Explain observational method.
Observational method involves selecting, recording, and analyzing specific behaviors systematically.
Types of observation.
Observations can be naturalistic (real settings) or controlled (manipulated environments).
What is an experimental method?
The experimental method tests cause-effect relationships by manipulating independent variables.
Understanding variables.
Independent variables are manipulated; dependent variables are measured for effects in studies.
Define control group.
The control group is not exposed to the independent variable, used for comparison against experimental groups.
Describe correlational research.
Correlational research examines associations between variables, quantified by correlation coefficients.
Forms of correlation.
Correlation can be positive, negative, or zero, indicating varying strengths of relationships between variables.
How to conduct surveys?
Surveys gather data via structured interviews, questionnaires, or telephone interviews to assess opinions or facts.
Importance of psychological tests.
Standardized tests evaluate individual differences in traits like intelligence or personality with objectivity.
Types of psychological tests.
Tests may be verbal, non-verbal, performance-based, and can be administered individually or in groups.
Explain case study method.
Case studies involve in-depth analysis of specific individuals or groups to gain insights into unique phenomena.
Quantitative vs qualitative methods.
Quantitative methods use statistical analysis; qualitative methods emphasize understanding complex human experiences.
Limitations of psychological enquiry.
Limitations include lack of true zero points, subjectivity in qualitative data, and context-dependent psychological tools.
Ethical issues in research.
Research ethics include voluntary participation, informed consent, debriefing, and confidentiality measures.
Significance of informed consent.
Participants must understand the research purpose and what it involves before agreeing to partake.
Role of debriefing.
Debriefing after research provides participants with information about the study and resolves any potential discomfort.
Confidentiality in research.
Researchers must protect participant privacy and ensure that data is kept confidential throughout the study.
Summarizing findings.
Sharing research outcomes with participants fulfills their expectations and aids in gaining further insights.
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