TSA of a cylinder = 2πr(h + r), where r is the radius and h is the height.

CSA of a cone = πrl, where r is the base radius and l is the slant height.

Surface Area = 4πr², where r is the radius of the sphere.

Volume = (1/3)πr²h, where r is the base radius and h is the height.

Total Surface Area = 3πr², where r is the radius.

TSA includes all surfaces, while CSA only includes the curved part, excluding bases.

Volume = (4/3)πr³, where r is the radius.

Break into individual solids, calculate TSA for each, and sum the appropriate areas while excluding shared surfaces.

CSA = 2πrh, where r is the radius and h is the height.

TSA = CSA of cone + CSA of hemisphere; TSA = πrl + 2πr².

Subtract the heights of the top solid parts from the total height of the composite.

Not considering the area of shared surfaces between combined solids.

Use it to find the area that needs coverage, such as painting or wrapping.

TSA = 150 + πr² (2) = 156.92 cm² (approx).

Volume is typically measured in cubic units, e.g., cm³ or m³.

Calculate CSA for exposed surfaces and exclude bases where two solids are joined.

CSA = 2πr², where r is the radius.

Examples include containers, buildings, and toys shaped as cones, cylinders, and spheres.