Formula Sheet: समास परिचय

In this compound, the first word is an indeclinable (अव्यय), and the compound itself becomes indeclinable. Example: उपगङ्गम् (near the Ganga).

A compound where the second word is principal. Example: राजपुरुषः (king's man).

A compound where the first word is a numeral. Example: पञ्चवटी (group of five banyan trees).

A compound where neither word is principal but refers to a third entity. Example: दशाननः (Ravana, the ten-headed).

A type of तत्पुरुष compound where the first word is an adjective. Example: नीलोत्पलम् (blue lotus).

A compound where both words are principal. Example: रामलक्ष्मणौ (Rama and Lakshmana).

A type of द्वन्द्व compound indicating a collection. Example: पाणिपादम् (hands and feet).

A type of द्वन्द्व compound where both words are equally principal. Example: धर्मार्थकाममोक्षाः (dharma, artha, kama, moksha).

A compound where the first word is a negation. Example: अशोकः (without sorrow).

A grammatical phenomenon where multiple words are implied but only one is stated. Example: बालका: (the boys, implying others are also there).

Combining two words by dropping the case ending. Example of तत्पुरुष समास.

Dropping the genitive case ending to form a compound. Example of तत्पुरुष समास.

Combining two words by dropping the conjunction 'च'. Example of द्वन्द्व समास.

Forming a collective noun from a numeral and a noun. Example of द्विगु समास.

Referring to a third entity by combining two attributes. Example of बहुव्रीहि समास.

Combining an adjective and a noun. Example of कर्मधारय समास.

Combining multiple words to indicate a collection. Example of समाहार द्वन्द्व.

Combining equally important concepts. Example of इतरेतर द्वन्द्व.

Forming a negative compound. Example of नञ् तत्पुरुष.

Stating one word to imply others. Example of एकशेष.