Formula Sheet: Exploring the Investigative World of Science

F represents force (in newtons), m is mass (in kg), and a is acceleration (in m/s²). This formula defines Newton's second law of motion, explaining how the force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration.

P is pressure (in pascals), F is force (in newtons), and A is area (in square meters). It relates force applied over a certain area, essential in understanding how pressure works in fluids and various surfaces.

V is voltage (volts), I is current (amperes), and R is resistance (ohms). This is Ohm’s Law, a fundamental principle in electrical circuits used to relate the voltage across a conductor to the current flowing through it.

E is energy (in joules), m is mass (in kg), and c is the speed of light (≈ 3 × 10⁸ m/s). This equation illustrates the relationship between mass and energy, central to Einstein's theory of relativity.

d is distance (in meters), v is speed (in m/s), and t is time (in seconds). This formula calculates the distance traveled by an object moving at a constant speed over a given time.

Q is heat energy (in joules), m is mass (in kg), c is specific heat capacity (in J/(kg·°C)), and ΔT is the change in temperature (in °C). This equation is used to calculate the heat energy absorbed or released by a substance.

W is work (in joules), F is force (in newtons), and d is distance (in meters). This formula calculates work done when a force moves an object through a distance.

v is wave speed (in m/s), f is frequency (in Hz), and λ is wavelength (in meters). This equation connects the speed of a wave to its frequency and wavelength, crucial for understanding sound and light waves.

n is the number density (in particles/m³), N is the number of particles, and V is volume (in m³). This formula helps to understand the distribution of particles in a given volume.

A is the area (in square meters) of a circle, and r is the radius (in meters). This formula calculates the area of circles, important in geometry and various applications in science.

This states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. It underlines the concept of forces acting on two objects, pivotal in understanding motion.

P₁ and P₂ are initial and final pressures (in pascals), V₁ and V₂ are initial and final volumes (in m³). This law explains the inverse relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature.

P is pressure (in pascals), V is volume (in m³), n is number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant (8.31 J/(mol·K)), and T is temperature (in Kelvin). This equation relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of an ideal gas.

g represents the acceleration due to gravity near Earth's surface. This value is critical for calculations involving freely falling objects and understanding gravitational influence.

KE is kinetic energy (in joules), m is mass (in kg), and v is velocity (in m/s). This equation explains the energy of an object due to its motion, fundamental in mechanics.

PE is potential energy (in joules), m is mass (in kg), g is acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²), and h is height (in meters). This equation calculates the energy stored in an object due to its position.

Relates wave speed (v), frequency (f), and wavelength (λ). It's essential for analyzing wave motion in physics.

States that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. This principle is foundational in understanding physical processes.

Work done on an object equals the change in its kinetic energy. This principle helps to connect the concepts of work and energy in motion.

f is frequency (in Hz) and T is the period (in seconds) of the wave. This equation connects frequency and period, essential in wave dynamics.