Formula Sheet: Pressure, Winds, Storms, and Cyclones

Pressure (P) is defined as the force (F) exerted per unit area (A). SI unit is N/m², also known as pascal (Pa). This concept helps understand why broad straps of bags minimize discomfort.

P is hydrostatic pressure, ρ is the density of the liquid (kg/m³), g is acceleration due to gravity (≈ 9.81 m/s²), and h is the height of the liquid column (m). Used to determine pressure at different depths in fluids.

P represents atmospheric pressure, F is the force exerted by the weight of air, and A is the area. This is significant in weather conditions and pressure changes.

This conversion shows the relationship between hectopascal (hPa) and pascal (Pa), essential for understanding air pressure in meteorology.

This equation relates pressure (P), fluid density (ρ), velocity (v), and height (h). It helps explain how wind speed affects pressure, clarifying why high winds can lift roofs.

P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin. This is fundamental in understanding air behavior under different conditions.

v is wind speed, d is the distance traveled, and t is the time taken. This simple equation helps in calculating wind speeds during storms.

F is the gravitational force, m is mass, and g is acceleration due to gravity. It helps understand the force acting on objects and its relation to pressure.

This formula gives an estimate of cyclone wind speeds based on the pressure difference between the center and its surroundings, underscoring cyclone intensity.

ΔP represents the pressure change between two points, P1 and P2. Critical for understanding how air moves from high to low pressure, influencing wind formation.

This equation is foundational for calculating how much force is distributed over an area, critical for understanding daily life examples like carrying loads.

Denotes how pressure increases with depth in a fluid, where ρ is fluid density, g is gravity, and h is height of the fluid column.

Describes the relationship between pressure at different levels in a static fluid, facilitating calculations of pressure differences in water tanks.

Used in devices like hydraulic lifts, where understanding force and area helps in lifting heavier loads.

Where v is wave speed, f is frequency, and λ is wavelength. It helps relate wind speed and the movement of sound waves in storms.

Relates pressure, volume, number of moles, gas constant, and temperature, underpinning the behavior of gases in various contexts.

Force equals mass times acceleration, critical for understanding the impact of winds and motion in storms.

Work done (E) is equal to force (F) times distance (d). Helps in understanding energy transfer during storm impacts.

Where Q is heat transferred, m is mass, c is specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature. Important for understanding thermal dynamics in storms.

Where θ is the angle between the force and distance vectors. Essential in scenarios where wind direction affects object movement.