Life Processes in Plants – Formula & Equation Sheet
Essential formulas and equations from Curiosity, tailored for Class 7 in Science.
This one-pager compiles key formulas and equations from the Life Processes in Plants chapter of Curiosity. Ideal for exam prep, quick reference, and solving time-bound numerical problems accurately.
Key concepts & formulas
Essential formulas, key terms, and important concepts for quick reference and revision.
Formulas
Photosynthesis: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Light Energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
This equation represents the process of photosynthesis, where carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight, produce glucose and oxygen. It highlights the conversion of light energy into chemical energy.
Starch Test: Blue-black color with iodine
This test indicates the presence of starch in a leaf when exposed to iodine solution. A blue-black color reveals that starch is stored, confirming the leaf's function in photosynthesis.
Role of chlorophyll: Chlorophyll + Sunlight → Energy for Photosynthesis
Chlorophyll is critical for capturing sunlight, enabling the process of photosynthesis, which is essential for plant growth. Without it, plants cannot synthesize food.
Water Transportation: Water + Nutrients → Xylem → Leaves
Describes how water and minerals absorbed by roots travel through the xylem to the leaves, supporting various physiological processes in plants.
Food Transport: Glucose → Phloem → Other Plant Parts
This denotes the movement of glucose produced in leaves through phloem to other parts of the plant, where it is utilized or stored.
Transpiration: Evaporation + Water Movement → Nutrient Transport
Transpiration involves the evaporation of water from leaves, creating a negative pressure that helps draw water and nutrients from roots to leaves.
Oxygen Release: Photosynthesis (byproduct) → Stomata
During photosynthesis, oxygen is released as a byproduct through stomata, key openings on leaf surfaces, facilitating gas exchange.
Light Intensity Effect: Growth Rate ∝ Light Intensity
Indicates that the growth rate of plants is directly proportional to the intensity of light they receive, emphasizing the need for adequate light for photosynthesis.
Chloroplast Function: Sunlight + CO₂ + H₂O → Glucose + O₂ in Chloroplasts
This summarizes the function of chloroplasts in plant cells, where sunlight and raw materials are transformed into food and oxygen.
Mineral Uptake: Nutrients in Soil → Roots → Plant Growth
Describes the absorption of essential minerals from soil via roots, which are crucial for overall plant health and growth.
Equations
Water Potential (Ψ) = Osmotic Potential (Ψs) + Pressure Potential (Ψp)
In plant physiology, water potential predicts how water moves in plants. Ψs is the potential due to solute concentration, while Ψp is the pressure within plant cells.
Rate of Photosynthesis (in varying conditions): R = a + bI - cT
This relationship illustrates how the rate of photosynthesis (R) depends on light intensity (I) and temperature (T), with constants a, b, and c determined experimentally.
Respiration: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy
This equation shows cellular respiration in plants, where glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, water, and energy, highlighting energy conversion for growth.
Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms: N-deficient plants exhibit yellowing leaves
Indicates how a lack of nitrogen affects plant health, causing chlorosis, which is vital for students to recognize for practical plant care.
Growth Rate Formula: G = (Lend - Lstart)/Time
Calculates growth rate (G) by measuring the difference in length of a plant from start (Lstart) to end (Lend) over a specific time. Useful for tracking growth in experiments.
Concentration Gradient: ∆C = C1 - C2
Shows the difference in concentration (∆C) between two areas, crucial for understanding nutrient absorption and cellular processes in plants.
Evapotranspiration: ET = E + T
Defines evapotranspiration (ET) as the combined effect of evaporation (E) from soil and transpiration (T) of water from plants, affecting water cycles in ecosystems.
Hydraulic Conductivity Equation: K = Q/(A × Δh/ΔL)
This equation calculates hydraulic conductivity (K), determining how easily water moves through soil or plant tissue, important for irrigation and plant management.
Nutrient Concentration: N = (Mass of Nutrient/Volume of Solution) × 100
Expresses the concentration of nutrients (N) in a solution, vital for ensuring optimal nutrient availability in hydroponic systems.
Energy Conversion in Photosynthesis: Energy = Light Intensity × Time
Associates energy captured during photosynthesis directly with light intensity and the duration of exposure, relevant for optimizing growth conditions.
