Statistics is a chapter in the CBSE Class 10 Mathematics syllabus from Mathematics. This chapter hub brings together revision notes, practice questions, worksheets, flashcards, formula sheet to help students learn, practice, and revise Statistics effectively.

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Statistics

NCERT Class 10 Mathematics Chapter 13: Statistics (Pages 171–201)

Class 10 CBSE hub Mathematics chapters Mathematics

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Summary of Statistics

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Statistics at a Glance

Board

CBSE

Class

Class 10

Subject

Mathematics

Book

Mathematics

Chapter

Pages

171–201

Resources

7 study resources

Statistics Summary

In this chapter, we will explore how to calculate the mean, median, and mode for grouped data, which builds upon the concepts introduced in previous classes. Statistics helps us summarize and understand large amounts of data effectively. We begin by reviewing how to represent data visually through graphs and how to calculate measures of central tendency for ungrouped data. Then, we will shift our focus to grouped data, where we need to consider class intervals. The mean, or average, is a key concept in statistics. For grouped data, it is calculated by taking the total sum of the products of each class mark and its frequency and dividing this by the total frequency. This process can seem complex as it involves more steps than for ungrouped data, but it is essential for accurate representation of larger data sets. Next, we will learn about the median, which is the middle value of the data when arranged in order, and how to find it in grouped data using cumulative frequency. The median is particularly useful in understanding the distribution of data, especially when it is skewed. We will also cover the mode, which is the value that appears most frequently in a data set. For grouped data, the mode can be identified through the modal class, which is the class interval with the highest frequency. Additionally, the concept of cumulative frequency will be introduced. This allows us to find both the median and the mode more easily by organizing data progressively. Cumulative frequency distributions can also be represented graphically by ogives, which provide a visual representation of the accumulated data. Activities and examples throughout the chapter will help reinforce these concepts, showing how to apply different methods of finding the mean, median, and mode depending on the context. By the end of the chapter, you should be comfortable with handling grouped data in a statistical context and understand the significance of these measures in data analysis.

Statistics Revision Guide

Download the Statistics revision guide with key points, summaries, and quick revision notes for CBSE Class 10 Mathematics.

Key Points

Understanding Data: Grouped vs. Ungrouped

Grouped data condenses large datasets into categories, while ungrouped data retains individual values for analysis.

Mean: Core Definition

Mean is the average value, calculated by dividing the sum of values by the number of data points (x = Σ(fx)/Σf).

Mean of Grouped Data

To find the mean in grouped data, use the formula x = Σ(fi xi)/Σfi, where xi is the class mark and fi is frequency.

Class Mark Calculation

The class mark (midpoint) for a class interval is calculated as (Upper limit + Lower limit)/2.

Cumulative Frequency: Definition

Cumulative frequency is the sum of frequencies accumulated up to each class interval, useful for data distribution analysis.

Cumulative Frequency Graphs (Ogives)

Ogives represent cumulative frequency on a graph, allowing visualization of data distribution trends.

Assumed Mean Method

Choose a value 'a' as the assumed mean, calculate deviations, then find mean by x = a + d, where d is the mean of deviations.

Step-Deviation Method

Simplifies calculations by using class size 'h' and expressing deviations as ui = (xi - a)/h, then applying x = a + hu.

Difference Between Exact and Approximate Mean

Exact mean is derived directly from individual data, while approximate mean uses midpoints in grouped data, potentially leading to minor variations.

Interpreting Mean Value

The mean indicates the central tendency of data, providing a summary measure that represents the dataset as a whole.

Median Explained

Median is the middle value separating higher half from lower half of data; it is especially useful in skewed distributions.

Mode: The Most Frequent Value

Mode is the value that appears most often in a dataset, useful in identifying common occurrences.

Types of Graphical Data Representations

Used for depicting data relationships: histograms show frequency distributions, while bar graphs represent categorical data.

Real-world Application: Survey Data

Statistics helps analyze survey results, providing insights on populations, preferences, and behaviors through data interpretation.

Common Misconception: Mean vs. Median

Many confuse mean with median; while mean is affected by outliers, median provides a more stable central value in skewed data.

Using Frequencies Effectively

Data frequencies help simplify analysis, showing trends and patterns more clearly than raw data can on its own.

Constructing a Frequency Distribution Table

Organize data into intervals and frequencies to condense information; this forms the basis for further statistical analysis.

Analyzing Distribution Shape

Understanding the shape (e.g., normal, skewed) is crucial for applying correct statistical methods and interpretations.

Variance and Standard Deviation Overview

Measures of dispersion that describe how data spreads around the mean; important for understanding data variability.

Utilizing Technology in Statistics

Graphs and analysis tools can enhance understanding of statistics, providing visual aids that clarify complex data.

Statistics Practice Questions & Answers

Practice important questions and exam-style problems from Statistics. These questions cover key topics from the CBSE Class 10 Mathematics syllabus.

How to practice: Start with the questions below to test your understanding of Statistics. Use the revision guide to review concepts you find difficult, then come back and retry the questions for better retention.

What is the mode of the following grouped data? Age (in years) | No. of patients: 5-15 | 6, 15-25 | 11, 25-35 | 12, 35-45 | 23, 45-55 | 14, 55-65 | 5.

Single Answer MCQ

Q-00174404

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In a frequency distribution of lifetimes (0-20 | 10, 20-40 | 35, 40-60 | 26, 60-80 | 13, 80-100 | 38, 100-120 | 29), what is the modal range?

Single Answer MCQ

Q-00174405

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How do you calculate the class interval for the mode of grouped data?

Single Answer MCQ

Q-00174406

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If the mode is determined from a frequency distribution, why might it sometimes not represent the data accurately?

Single Answer MCQ

Q-00174407

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Given the following age distribution: 10-20 | 15, 20-30 | 25, 30-40 | 35, 40-50 | 40. What is the modal class?

Single Answer MCQ

Q-00174408

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In a grouped data set, if the frequencies of classes are: 1, 3, 3, 2, which class is modal?

Single Answer MCQ

Q-00174410

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For the modal class interval determination, the count of which data class is crucial?

Single Answer MCQ

Q-00174411

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What is a common limitation of using mode as the sole measure of central tendency in grouped data?

Single Answer MCQ

Q-00174413

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View all 149 Statistics questions

In the data set: Lifetimes (0-20 | 10, 20-40 | 35, 40-60 | 26, 60-80 | 13), which interval contributes most to the mode?

How is the modal class defined when data is grouped?

When data is grouped and two classes have the same highest frequency, what is this situation called?

If the frequencies of classes increase progressively, how would you describe the mode?

In the following data set: (0-10 | 2, 10-20 | 3, 20-30 | 6, 30-40 | 6), which is the mode?

Given a data distribution, when is it impossible to determine a mode?

If you have a grouped frequency distribution where the highest frequency class has multiple values tied, what is the next step for analysis?

What is the formula to calculate the mean of grouped data?

If the marks obtained by students are summed as Σfx = 4200 and the total number of students is 30, what is the mean?

What does the symbol Σ represent in statistics?

Which of the following is NOT necessary to calculate the mean of grouped data?

A frequency distribution shows that the number of students scoring marks (0-10, 11-20, etc.) in intervals. If you want to find the mean, what must you compute for each interval?

In a group of students, the frequency distribution of scores shows the following: 5 students scored 10, 7 scored 20, and 3 scored 30. What is the mean score?

Which of the following statements about the mean of grouped data is true?

Find the mean of the grouped data if the sum of frequencies is 50 and the sum of products of frequencies and midpoints is 2500.

What is the first step in calculating the median for grouped data?

If a grouped frequency table shows a mean of 30, what does that imply?

In a frequency distribution, if the cumulative frequency reaches 30 and the median lies in the class interval 20-25, what is the median class?

In a frequency distribution, if the mean is less than the median, what can be inferred about the data distribution?

To find the median of grouped data, which of the following formulas is used?

In a group of 100 data points, if a new data point significantly lower than the mean is added, what will happen to the mean?

If a frequency distribution has classes 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 with respective frequencies 5, 10, and 15, what is the median?

What is the mean of the following grouped data: 10 students scored 18, 15 students scored 22, and 5 students scored 30?

How does the presence of an even number of observations affect finding the median?

When considering grouped data, what is the major drawback of using the mean as a measure of central tendency?

In a dataset grouped into intervals, the frequencies are \[4, 6, 10, 5\] for intervals \[1-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40\]. What is the median?

If the mean of a data set is 50 and the sum of frequencies is 100, what is the total sum of the data?

If the median of the grouped data is computed to be 30, it means that:

In a frequency table, if the cumulative frequency of class 10-20 is 25 and the total number of observations is 50, what is the median class?

If the median class has a frequency of 20, and it is classified under the interval 30-40, which value is L in the median formula?

For the data intervals [5-15, 15-25, 25-35] with frequencies [3, 7, 10], what is the median?

When is it inappropriate to use the median for analysis?

If a dataset has a frequency of [8, 6, 15, 10] for classes [0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40], what is the total frequency?

Given that the median for a distribution is located in the interval 12-18, which of the following statements is true?

If the mean of first n natural numbers is 6n/11, then n is

Assertion (A): If the Mode and Mean of a data are 12k and 15k, then Median of the data is 14k. Reason (R): The relation between the Mean, Mode and Median of a data is: Mean = 3 Median - 2 Mode.

Find the mean of the following distribution: Class: 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70, 70-80; Frequency: 6, 13, 8, 12, 11.

While calculating mean of a grouped frequency distribution using step deviation method u = (x - a)/h, it was found that x̄ = 62, a = 47.5, h = 5. The value of ū is:

Mansi collected the daily data of AQI of her city for a month. What is the quality of air in most of the days of the month?

Using the table formed in part (i), find median of the AQI data.

Using the table formed in part (i), find mode of the AQI data.

Mansi collected the daily data of AQI of her city for a month and presented it as given below: AQI Range: 1-100, 101-200, 201-300, 301-400, 401-500; Number of Days: 3, 9, 12, 4, 2. Convert the data to continuous frequency distribution.

If the mean and mode of a data are 12 and 21 respectively, then its median is:

The monthly expenditure on fruits in 200 families of a Housing Society is given in the table. Find the value of x and also find the mode and mean expenditure on fruits.

The class mark of the median class of the data is to be found. Class intervals: 10-25, 25-40, 40-55, 55-70, 70-85, 85-100. Frequencies: 2, 3, 7, 6, 6, 6.

The distribution shows the number of runs scored by some batsmen in test matches. Runs scored: 3000-4000, 4000-5000, 5000-6000, 6000-7000. Number of batsmen: 5, 10, 9, 8. The lower limit of the modal class is:

The following data gives the information on the observed lifetime (in hours) of 200 electrical components: Lifetime: 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100, 100-120. Number of electrical components: 10, 35, 50, 60, 30, 15. Find the mean lifetime in hours of the electrical components.

While calculating mean of a grouped frequency distribution, step deviation method was used, (x − a)/h = u. It was found that x̄ = 64, h = 5 and a = 62.5. The value of ū is

The mean of the following distribution is 53. Find the missing frequency p. Class Interval: 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, 80–100. Frequency: 12, 15, p, 28, 13. Hence, find mode of the distribution.

Compute median of the following data. Mid-value: 115, 125, 135, 145, 155, 165, 175. Frequency: 12, 15, 20, 16, 10, 16, 11.

The mean and median of a frequency distribution are 43 and 43.4 respectively. The mode of the distribution is:

An SBI health insurance agent found the following data for distribution of ages of 100 policy holders: Age (in yrs): 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35-40, 40-45, 45-50, 50-55, 55-60; Number of policy holders: 2, 4, 18, 21, 33, 11, 3, 6, 2. Find the modal age and median age of the policy holders.

The mean and median of a frequency distribution are 43 and 43.4 respectively. The mode of the distribution is:

If the median of the following distribution is 32.5, then find the values of x and y. Class intervals and frequencies: 0-10: x, 10-20: 5, 20-30: 9, 30-40: 12, 40-50: y, 50-60: 3, 60-70: 2, Total: 40.

The mean and median of a frequency distribution are 43 and 43.4 respectively. The mode of the distribution is:

An SBI health insurance agent found the following data for distribution of ages of 100 policy holders. The health insurance policies are given to persons of age 15 years and onwards, but less than 60 years. Age (in yrs): 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35-40, 40-45, 45-50, 50-55, 55-60. Number of policy holders: 2, 4, 18, 21, 33, 11, 3, 6, 2. Find the modal age and median age of the policy holders.

The median and mode of a distribution are 25.2 and 26.1 respectively. The mean of the distribution is:

The median of the following data is 137. Find the values of x and y, given that total of frequencies is 68. Class-frequency table: 65–85: 4, 85–105: 5, 105–125: x, 125–145: 20, 145–165: 14, 165–185: y, 185–205: 4.

Find mean and mode of the following distribution: Class-frequency table: 0–10: 3, 10–20: 6, 20–30: 11, 30–40: 10, 40–50: 13, 50–60: 3, 60–70: 4.

The median and mode of a distribution are 25.2 and 26.1 respectively. The mean of the distribution is:

The median of the following data is 137. Find the values of x and y, if total frequency is 68. Classes and frequencies: 65–85: 4, 85–105: 5, 105–125: x, 125–145: 20, 145–165: 14, 165–185: y, 185–205: 4.

Find the mean and mode of the following data: Classes and frequencies: 0–10: 3, 10–20: 6, 20–30: 11, 30–40: 10, 40–50: 13, 50–60: 3, 60–70: 4.

The median and mode of a distribution are 25.2 and 26.1 respectively. The mean of the distribution is:

Find the mean and the mode of the following frequency distribution: Class 0-15, 15-30, 30-45, 45-60, 60-75, 75-90, 90-105 with frequencies 9, 15, 35, 20, 11, 13, 17 respectively.

If the mean and mode of a data are 12 and 21 respectively, then its median is:

The mean of the following frequency distribution is 35. Find the values of x and y, if the sum of frequencies is 25. Classes and frequencies: 0–10: 1, 10–20: x, 20–30: 5, 30–40: 7, 40–50: y, 50–60: 3, 60–70: 1.

If the mean and mode of a data are 12 and 21 respectively, then its median is:

The marks obtained by 80 students of class X in a mock test of Mathematics are shown in the less-than type cumulative frequency table. Find median and mode of the data: 0 and above: 80, 10 and above: 77, 20 and above: 72, 30 and above: 65, 40 and above: 55, 50 and above: 43, 60 and above: 28, 70 and above: 16, 80 and above: 10, 90 and above: 8, 100 and above: 0.

The class mark of the median class of the following data is: Class intervals: 10–25, 25–40, 40–55, 55–70, 70–85, 85–100; Frequencies: 2, 3, 7, 6, 6, 6.

The following distribution shows the number of runs scored by some batsmen in test matches: Runs Scored: 3000–4000, 4000–5000, 5000–6000, 6000–7000; Number of Batsmen: 5, 10, 9, 8. The lower limit of the modal class is:

The following frequency distribution gives the monthly consumption of electricity of 68 consumers of a locality. Find the monthly mean consumption from the data. Monthly consumption (in units): 50–100, 100–150, 150–200, 200–250, 250–300, 300–350, 350–400; Number of consumers: 4, 5, 13, 20, 14, 8, 4.

The class mark of the median class of the following data is: Class Interval: 10–25, 25–40, 40–55, 55–70, 70–85, 85–100; Frequency: 2, 3, 7, 6, 6, 6.

A life insurance agent found the following data for the distribution of 100 policy holders on the basis of their ages. Age (in years): 15–20, 20–25, 25–30, 30–35, 35–40, 40–45, 45–50, 50–55, 55–60; Number of policy holders: 2, 4, 18, 21, 33, 11, 3, 6, 2. Find the median age of the policy holders.

In the formula of mode, mode = l + ((f₁ − f₀)/(2f₁ − f₀ − f₂)) × h, f₁ denotes the:

For a distribution, if mean = median = a, then its mode is:

The lengths of 40 leaves of a plant are measured, correct to the nearest millimetre and data obtained is represented in the following table: Length in mm: 100–120, 120–140, 140–160, 160–180, 180–200; Number of leaves: 8, 9, 12, 5, 6. Find the median length in mm of the leaves.

A class teacher has the following absentees record of 30 students of a class: Number of days: 0–4, 4–8, 8–12, 12–16, 16–20, 20–24; Number of absent students: 1, 8, x, 6, 5, y. If the mean number of days a student was absent is 12, find the values of x and y.

In the formula of mode given by mode = l + [(f₁ - f₀)/(2f₁ - f₀ - f₂)] × h, f₁ denotes the:

For a distribution, if mean = median = a, then its mode is:

The lengths of 40 leaves of a plant are measured, correct to the nearest millimetre and data obtained is represented in the table: Length (mm): 100-120, 120-140, 140-160, 160-180, 180-200; Number of leaves: 8, 9, 12, 5, 6. Find the median length of the leaves.

A class teacher has the following absentees record of 30 students of a class. Number of days: 0-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-16, 16-20, 20-24; Number of absent students: 1, 8, x, 6, 5, y. If the mean number of days a student was absent is 12, find the values of x and y.

In the formula of mode given by mode = l + [(f₁ − f₀)/(2f₁ − f₀ − f₂)] × h, f₁ denotes the:

For a distribution, if mean = median = a, then its mode is:

A class teacher has the following absentees record of 30 students of a class. Number of days: 0–4, 4–8, 8–12, 12–16, 16–20, 20–24; Number of absent students: 1, 8, x, 6, 5, y. If the mean number of days a student was absent is 12, find the values of x and y.

The following table shows the marks scored by 23 students of a class. Marks: 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50; Number of Students: 5, 3, 4, 8, 3. The lower limit of the modal class is:

For a distribution, if mean = 15 and mode = 12, then its median is:

The weights of 30 students of a class are given in the following distribution table: Weight (in kg): 40–45, 45–50, 50–55, 55–60, 60–65, 65–70; Number of students: 2, 5, 8, 6, 6, 3. Find the median weight of the students.

The following table shows the marks scored by 23 students of a class. Marks: 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50; Number of Students: 5, 3, 4, 8, 3. The lower limit of the modal class is:

For a distribution, if mean = 15 and mode = 12, then its median is:

The following distribution shows the weekly pocket allowance (in ₹) of some children of a locality. The mean pocket allowance is ₹180. Weekly pocket allowance: 110–130, 130–150, 150–170, 170–190, 190–210, 210–230, 230–250; Number of children: 7, 6, 9, 13, f, 5, 4. Find the value of f. Hence find the mode of given data.

The following table shows the marks scored by 23 students of a class. Marks: 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50. Number of Students: 5, 3, 4, 8, 3. The lower limit of the modal class is:

For a distribution, if mean = 15 and mode = 12, then its median is:

The following table shows the daily expenditure of 25 households of a locality. Daily Expenditure (in ₹): 500–750, 750–1000, 1000–1250, 1250–1500, 1500–1750. Number of Households: 4, 2x + 1, 12, x, 2. Find the value of x. Hence find the mean daily expenditure.

While calculating mean of a grouped frequency distribution using step deviation method u = (x - a)/h, it was found that x̄ = 62, a = 47.5, h = 5. The value of ū is:

Mansi collected daily AQI data for a month: AQI ranges 1-100, 101-200, 201-300, 301-400, 401-500 with number of days 3, 9, 12, 4, 2. Convert the data to continuous frequency distribution.

Using the table formed in part (i), find mode of the AQI data.

Mansi collected daily AQI data for a month as shown. What is the quality of air in most of the days of the month?

Using the table formed in part (i), find median of the AQI data.

While calculating mean of a grouped frequency distribution using step deviation method u = (x - a)/h, it was found that mean x-bar = 62, a = 47.5, h = 5. The value of u-bar is:

Mansi collected daily AQI data for a month: AQI ranges 1-100, 101-200, 201-300, 301-400, 401-500 with number of days 3, 9, 12, 4, 2 respectively. Convert the data to continuous frequency distribution.

Using the continuous frequency distribution formed from the AQI data, find mode of the data.

Using the AQI data, what is the quality of air in most of the days of the month?

Using the continuous frequency distribution formed from the AQI data, find median of the data.

Assertion (A): Median of a data is the value of N/2, where N represents sum of all frequencies. Reason (R): Median divides the whole distribution in two equal parts.

Find mean and mode of the following data: Class 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50, 50–60, 60–70, 70–80; Frequency 5, 4, 10, 13, 12, 10, 6.

Assertion (A): Median of a data is the value of N/2, where N represents sum of all frequencies. Reason (R): Median divides the whole distribution in two equal parts.

Find mean and mode of the following data: Class 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50, 50–60, 60–70, 70–80; Frequency 5, 4, 10, 13, 12, 10, 6.

Assertion (A): Median of a data is the value of N/2, where N represents sum of all frequencies. Reason (R): Median divides the whole distribution in two equal parts.

Find the missing frequencies p and q in the following frequency distribution, when sum of frequencies is 40 and mean is 19: Class: 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35; Frequency: 2, 5, 6, p, 10, q, 4.

Assertion (A): If the value of mode and mean for a distribution is 50 and 56 respectively, then the value of median is 54. Reason (R): Median = 1/3 (Mode – 2 Mean).

Find the mean and the mode for the following frequency distribution: Class: 30–35, 35–40, 40–45, 45–50, 50–55; Frequency: 3, 9, 7, 3, 2.

While calculating mean of a grouped frequency distribution, step deviation method was used (x - a)/h = u. It was found that x̄ = 64, h = 5 and a = 62.5. The value of ū is

The mean of the following distribution is 53. Find the missing frequency p. Class Interval: 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100. Frequency: 12, 15, p, 28, 13. Hence, find mode of the distribution.

Compute median of the following data: Mid-value: 115, 125, 135, 145, 155, 165, 175. Frequency: 12, 15, 20, 16, 10, 16, 11.

While calculating mean of a grouped frequency distribution, step deviation method was used: (x – a)/h = u. It was found that x̄ = 64, h = 5 and a = 62.5. The value of ū is

Find the mean and mode of the following frequency distribution. Class Interval: 400–450, 450–500, 500–550, 550–600, 600–650, 650–700. Frequency: 15, 18, 20, 23, 22, 12.

If the median of the following frequency distribution is 32.5 and sum of all frequencies is 40, then find the values of f1 and f2. Class Interval: 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50, 50–60, 60–70. Frequency: 3, f1, 9, 12, 6, f2, 2.

While calculating mean of a grouped frequency distribution, step deviation method was used (x - a)/h = u. It was found that x̄ = 64, h = 5 and a = 62.5. The value of ū is

Find median and mode of the following distribution: Class Interval: 0-15, 15-30, 30-45, 45-60, 60-75, 75-90, 90-105; Frequency: 15, 10, 12, 9, 8, 10, 6.

The mean of the following frequency distribution is 28. If sum of all frequencies is 100, then find the values of p and q: Class Interval: 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60; Frequency: 12, p, 27, 20, q, 6.

Mean and Median of a frequency distribution are 43 and 40 respectively. The value of mode is

Find mean and mode of the following frequency distribution: Class: 10–30, 30–50, 50–70, 70–90, 90–110, 110–130, 130–150; Frequency: 6, 8, 12, 10, 14, 11, 9.

If the median of the distribution given below is 28.5, find the values of x and y. Class: 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50, 50–60, Total; Frequency: 5, x, 20, 15, y, 5, 60.

Mean and Median of a frequency distribution are 43 and 40 respectively. The value of mode is

The median of the data is 32.5. Find the missing frequencies x and y: Class 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70; Frequency x, 5, 9, 12, y, 3, 2; Total 40.

Find mean and mode of the frequency distribution: Class 5-15, 15-25, 25-35, 35-45, 45-55, 55-65; Frequency 11, 20, 25, 22, 12, 10.

Mean and Median of a frequency distribution are 43 and 40 respectively. The value of mode is

Find mean and mode of the following distribution: Class: 0–15, 15–30, 30–45, 45–60, 60–75, 75–90, 90–105; Frequency: 4, 8, 11, 14, 10, 7, 6.

The median of the following data is 50 and sum of all frequencies is 90: Class: 20–30, 30–40, 40–50, 50–60, 60–70, 70–80, 80–90; Frequency: p, 15, 25, 20, q, 8, 10. Find the values of p and q.

In the following cumulative frequency table, find the values of a, b, c and d. Class: 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50. Frequency: 5, 7, a, 5, b. Cumulative Frequency: 5, c, 18, d, 30.

Find the missing frequency x of the following data, if its mode is 240. Daily Household Expenditure (in ₹): 0-100, 100-200, 200-300, 300-400, 400-500. Number of Families: 140, 230, 270, x, 150.

Case Study 2: Health insurance is an agreement whereby the insurance company agrees to undertake a guarantee of compensation for medical expenses in case the insured falls ill or meets with an accident which leads to hospitalisation of the insured. The government also promotes health insurance by providing a deduction from income tax. An SBI health insurance agent found the following data for distribution of ages of 100 policy holders. The health insurance policies are given to persons having age 15 years and onwards but less than 60 years. Age (in years): 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35-40, 40-45, 45-50, 50-55, 55-60. Number of Policy Holders: 2, 4, 18, 21, 33, 11, 3, 6, 2. Find the modal age of the policy holders.

Case Study 2: For the given distribution of ages of 100 policy holders, find the median age of the policy holders. Age (in years): 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35-40, 40-45, 45-50, 50-55, 55-60. Number of Policy Holders: 2, 4, 18, 21, 33, 11, 3, 6, 2.

In the following cumulative frequency table, find the values of a, b, c and d. Class: 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50. Frequency: 5, 7, a, 5, b. Cumulative Frequency: 5, c, 18, d, 30.

If the mean of the following frequency distribution is 10.8, then find the value of p. Class: 0-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-16, 16-20. Frequency: 3, p, 5, 8, 2.

Case Study 1: An SBI health insurance agent found the following data for distribution of ages of 100 policy holders. Age groups in years and number of policy holders are: 15-20: 2, 20-25: 4, 25-30: 18, 30-35: 21, 35-40: 33, 40-45: 11, 45-50: 3, 50-55: 6, 55-60: 2. Find the modal age of the policy holders.

Mode and Mean of a data are 15x and 18x, respectively. Then the median of the data is:

The following frequency distribution gives the monthly consumption of electricity of 68 consumers of a locality. Find the mean and mode of the data: Monthly Consumption (in units) and Number of Consumers: 65–85: 4, 85–105: 5, 105–125: 13, 125–145: 20, 145–165: 14, 165–185: 8, 185–205: 4.

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Statistics Practice Worksheets

Download and practice Statistics worksheets to improve problem-solving accuracy and speed for CBSE Class 10 Mathematics exams.

Statistics - Practice Worksheet

This worksheet covers essential long-answer questions to help you build confidence in Statistics from Mathematic for Class 10 (Mathematics).

Practice

Questions

Define Mean, Median, and Mode. Explain how each measure of central tendency can be estimated using grouped data. Provide examples for clarity.

The mean is the sum of all observations divided by the number of observations. The median is the value that separates the higher half from the lower half of the data set, and the mode is the value that occurs most frequently. For grouped data, the mean can be calculated using the formula x = Σ(fi xi) / Σfi, where fi is the frequency and xi is the class mark. The median requires identifying the cumulative frequency to find the median class, while mode can be determined from the modal class. For instance, with a grouped frequency distribution of students’ marks, calculate the mean, find the median based on cumulative frequencies, and identify the mode from the frequency table.

Explain the process of finding the Mean of grouped data using the Direct Method. Include a step-by-step example with a frequency distribution.

To find the mean using the Direct Method, follow these steps: 1. List the class intervals and their corresponding frequencies. 2. Calculate the class marks (midpoints) for each class interval by averaging the upper and lower bounds. 3. Multiply each class mark by its respective frequency. 4. Sum all the products obtained and divide by the total frequency. For example, for a frequency distribution of students' marks, calculate the class marks, find the products, sum them up, and divide by the total number of students to calculate the mean.

What is the Assumed Mean Method for finding the mean of grouped data? Illustrate the method with an example.

The Assumed Mean Method involves selecting an arbitrary value (assumed mean 'a') from the data and calculating deviations of each class mark from this assumed mean. Steps include: 1. Choose 'a' (often the mean of the midpoints), 2. Calculate the deviations (di = xi - a), 3. Multiply these deviations by their respective frequencies (fi di), 4. Sum the results of fi di and total frequency, and then find the final mean using x = a + (Σfi di / Σfi). For instance, in calculating students’ scores, assume a midpoint, find deviations, and compute the total to determine the mean.

Describe the Step-Deviation Method for calculating the mean. Provide a detailed example to demonstrate this technique.

The Step-Deviation Method simplifies calculations by scaling down the deviations. Steps involve: 1. Choose an assumed mean 'a', 2. Find the class interval size 'h', 3. Calculate ui = (xi - a) / h for each class mark, 4. Calculate frequency product fi ui, 5. Sum variables to find u = (Σfi ui) / Σfi, and finally, determine the mean with x = a + (hu). For example, using daily temperatures recorded, find an assumed mean, calculate deviations normalized by class size, and compute the final mean.

Identify and explain the significance of cumulative frequency in statistics. How is it helpful for the calculation of median?

Cumulative frequency is the running total of frequencies up to a certain class interval, used to determine the number of observations below a specific value. It aids in finding the median by identifying the class interval where the median lies. To find the median, calculate total frequency (N), find N/2, and locate the cumulative frequency just above this number. For example, in a group of students’ scores, create a cumulative frequency table, and calculate which class contains the median for the data analysis.

Discuss how graphical representations such as histograms and ogives can enhance data understanding in statistics.

Histograms provide a visual interpretation of the distribution of data, illustrating frequency versus class intervals, helping to see the shape of the data. Ogives represent cumulative frequency and can show trends over time, offering insights on data distribution. Each graphical representation complements numerical analysis by highlighting patterns that may not be evident in raw data. For example, creating a histogram from exam scores allows you to quickly identify where most scores lie.

When should one use median instead of mean for analyzing data, especially in grouped frequency distribution?

Median is preferred in skewed distributions where outliers may distort the mean. In cases where data has extreme values, such as income levels within a population, median provides a more accurate central tendency. To find the median in grouped data, use cumulative frequency to identify the median class, then apply the median formula. This is crucial in understanding the true mid-point for a set of data, for instance, housing prices where a few extreme values could skew results.

Explain the concept of Mode in statistics. How is it affected by data distribution and how can it be calculated for grouped data?

Mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set. In group distributions, the mode represents the class interval with the highest frequency. To calculate it, identify the modal class and apply the formula using the frequencies of the modal and neighboring classes. For grouped data such as test scores, determine where most students scored, giving insights into performance distributions. Mode is particularly useful for categorical data analysis like survey results.

Illustrate the differences between ungrouped and grouped data in statistics. How does this impact the calculation of measures of central tendency?

Ungrouped data consists of raw individual observations and provides exact values, whereas grouped data summarizes data into class intervals. This summary can lead to loss of detail, affecting accuracy in mean calculations. While ungrouped data calculation uses direct values, grouped data requires using class marks, affecting results' precision. For instance, scoring data can be computed exactly from individual scores, while frequencies might yield approximations in a grouped frequency table, driving insights into overall trends.

Statistics - Mastery Worksheet

This worksheet challenges you with deeper, multi-concept long-answer questions from Statistics to prepare for higher-weightage questions in Class 10.

Mastery

Questions

Using a frequency distribution table, calculate the mean marks for the following data of 40 students: Marks obtained | Number of students (fi): 0-10 | 5, 10-20 | 8, 20-30 | 12, 30-40 | 10, 40-50 | 5. Explain why choosing class marks affects the mean calculation.

To find the mean, calculate the class marks, then find fi * class marks for each interval. Sum these products and divide by total frequency. Discuss how the choice of class marks impacts accuracy, with diagrams showing actual vs assumed.

A class of students has recorded their heights and presented them in a grouped frequency distribution. Find the mean height using the step-deviation method. Discuss the significance of the result.

Use the heights data, choose an assumed mean, find deviations, and compute the mean using the formula. Discuss how the average height provides insights into student growth.

Analyze the following data of daily wages in a factory and find the mode, median, and mean. How do these measures of central tendency help in interpreting wage distribution?

Calculate frequencies, determine the mode (most frequent interval), median (middle value), and the mean. Compare implications of each measure regarding wage disparities.

Given the ages of patients admitted to a hospital, find the mean and compare it to the mode. How can these metrics inform healthcare planning?

Calculate mean using grouped ages and compare with the mode. Discuss how understanding age distribution helps in resource allocation in healthcare.

Create a cumulative frequency distribution from a given data set. Interpret the ogives to describe the data characteristics.

Calculate cumulative frequencies and plot the ogive. Use the graph to analyze trends in the data, particularly the 50th and 75th percentiles.

Explain the difference in mean calculations between grouped and ungrouped data using a real-life context. Why is grouping important?

Discuss how grouping helps in managing larger data sets, using examples such as test scores and the effect of extreme values on mean.

Determine the missing frequency in a given frequency table if the mean is provided. Explain the approach taken.

Set up equations based on the formula of mean and solve for the missing frequency. Discuss the logic behind maintaining balance in total frequency.

How would you use the mean to interpret student performance in a recent exam? Provide a detailed analysis.

Calculate the average score and discuss its implications for class performance, identify areas needing improvement based on mean relative to expectations.

Discuss how the range and interquartile range complement mean in understanding data dispersion in a dataset. Illustrate this with examples.

Calculate range and interquartile range. Explain how mean tends to overlook extremes, while these measures provide insight into data spread.

How can the choice of class intervals affect the mean and other measures? Provide a comparative analysis with varying intervals.

Experiment by recalculating the mean with different class sizes, then discuss how interval width impacts accuracy and clarity of measures.

Statistics - Challenge Worksheet

The final worksheet presents challenging long-answer questions that test your depth of understanding and exam-readiness for Statistics in Class 10.

Challenge

Questions

Analyze the importance of using mean, median, and mode in representing data distributions. In what scenarios could each measure lead to different conclusions?

Discuss how different datasets might yield different values for mean, median, and mode, affecting interpretation, especially in skewed distributions.

Construct a case study where grouped data is essential for understanding a real-world problem. Evaluate the methods needed to calculate the mean effectively.

Evaluate methods like Direct Method, Assumed Mean Method, and Step-deviation Method based on the dataset's characteristics.

Imagine a scenario where the findings from statistics are used to influence policy decisions. Discuss the ethical implications if erroneous data presentation occurs.

Critically analyze how misrepresentation of statistical data can lead to harmful policies and public trust issues.

Given a frequency distribution, explore the implications of varying class widths on the calculated mean. Provide an example to illustrate your points.

Investigate how wider or narrower class intervals can affect the accuracy of the mean, considering real data observations.

Critically assess how cumulative frequency curves can aid in understanding data distribution better than simple frequency tables. Illustrate with an example.

Support your analysis with clear comparisons of data insights derived from frequency tables versus cumulative frequency tables.

Design an experiment to measure the effect of socioeconomic status on students' performance. What statistical methods would you employ to ensure your results are valid?

Elaborate on the collection of grouped data and statistical measures required for robust analysis.

Discuss the challenges faced when using statistics in comparative studies. How might confounding variables affect your analysis?

Critique how failing to account for confounding variables can lead to inaccurate interpretations of the mean differences.

Explore the concept of variability in statistics and its consequences. How does not accounting for variability impact the interpretations of the mean?

Analyze examples where variability is crucial, like income data, to stress the importance of comprehensive statistical analysis.

Evaluate the significance of the step-deviation method in data analysis. In what situations is it particularly advantageous to use this method?

Define when the step-deviation method simplifies calculations, especially in datasets with a large range.

Propose a method for handling outliers in a dataset when calculating means. How do outliers skew the results, and what strategies mitigate their effects?

Discuss how to identify and address outliers when calculating and interpreting the mean, using statistical tools.

Statistics Formula Sheet

Use this Class 10 Mathematics Statistics Formula Sheet for quick revision before school exams and CBSE exams. It brings together the important formulas, key concepts, and worked examples in one place so students can revise faster and download a printable PDF for offline study.

Important Formulas

Mean (Grouped Data): x = Σ(fi xi) / Σfi

x is the mean, fi is the frequency of the ith class, and xi is the class mark. This formula calculates the average of a grouped dataset.

Class Mark: xi = (Lower Limit + Upper Limit) / 2

xi represents the midpoint of a class interval. It serves as a representative value for calculations.

Cumulative Frequency: CF = Σfi

CF is the cumulative frequency, which represents the total number of observations up to the ith class. It is essential for constructing ogives.

Assumed Mean Method: x = a + (Σfi di / Σfi)

a is the assumed mean, di is the difference between class marks and assumed mean. This method simplifies calculations for the mean.

Step-Deviation Method: x = a + h(u)

u = (Σfi ui) / Σfi, where ui is the standardized deviation. h is the class width, and this method also streamlines mean calculations.

Modal Class: Mode = L + (f1 - f0) / (2f1 - f0 - f2) × h

L is the lower boundary of the modal class, f1 is the frequency of the modal class, f0 is the frequency of the class before it, and f2 is the frequency of the class after it. This formula finds the mode of grouped data.

Variance (Grouped Data): σ² = Σfi (xi - x)² / N

σ² is the variance, with fi as the frequency, xi as class marks, x as the mean, and N being the total frequency. It measures the dispersion of the dataset.

Standard Deviation: σ = √(σ²)

σ represents the standard deviation, a measure of how spread out the values are in a dataset.

Cumulative Frequency for Ogives: CF = Σfi from lowest class to ith class

This calculation helps to ascertain the cumulative distribution of values, useful for graphical representation as ogives.

Relative Frequency: rf = fi / N

rf is the relative frequency of the ith class. It indicates the proportion of the total dataset that falls within that class.

Worked Examples

Mean of Deviations: d = Σfi di / Σfi

d is the mean of deviations, which offers a different method to calculate mean by summarizing the deviations.

Cumulative Frequency for Ogive: CF = fi + CF(i-1)

CF is found by adding the frequency of the current class to the cumulative frequency of the previous class.

Standard Deviation Formula: σ = √(Σfi (xi - x)² / N)

This formula calculates the spread of values in a dataset by assessing the average deviation from the mean.

Total Frequency: N = Σfi

N is the total number of observations in a dataset, calculated by summing all class frequencies.

Difference of Two Means: d = x1 - x2

This equation finds the difference between two means which can show relative performance across groups.

Mean from Frequencies: x = Σxi fi / Σfi

This summarizes the calculation of mean where x is averaged over all values weighted by their frequencies.

Weighted Mean: x̄ = Σwi xi / Σwi

Here, wi represents weights assigned to each observation. It determines an average that accounts for varying importance.

Finding Mode: Mode = L + (f1 - f0) / (2f1 - f0 - f2) × h

This calculates the mode by assessing the frequency distribution of the data, particularly in a grouped context.

Probability: P(A) = N(A) / N

P(A) is the probability of event A occurring, where N(A) is the number of favorable outcomes and N is the total number of outcomes.

Z-Score: z = (x - μ) / σ

z represents the Z-score, a measure of how many standard deviations an element is from the mean μ.

Explore More Statistics Resources

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Statistics Frequently Asked Questions

Explore the Statistics chapter for Class 10 Mathematics to learn about mean, median, mode, and cumulative frequency. Discover essential methods to analyze and represent grouped data effectively.

QWhat is the mean of grouped data?

The mean of grouped data is calculated by taking the sum of the products of the class marks and their corresponding frequencies, divided by the total frequency. The formula is x = Σ(fix)/Σf, where x is the mean.

QHow do we determine the median of grouped data?

To find the median of grouped data, we first need to identify the median class (the class where the cumulative frequency crosses half the total frequency). Then, using the formula for median, we calculate it based on the lower limit, cumulative frequency, and the frequency of the median class.

QWhat is the mode in statistics?

The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set. In the case of grouped data, the modal class is the class interval that contains the highest frequency.

QWhat role do ogives play in statistics?

Ogives, or cumulative frequency curves, visually represent the cumulative frequency of data against class intervals, allowing for quick analysis of percentile ranks and the distribution of data.

QWhat are the advantages of grouped data over ungrouped data?

Grouped data simplifies complex data sets, making it easier to analyze, interpret, and visualize trends and patterns. It also reduces computational workload when calculating statistical measures.

QHow is the mean calculated using the direct method?

In the direct method, the mean is calculated using the formula x = Σ(fix)/Σf, which involves summing the products of the frequency and class mark, then dividing by the total frequency.

QWhat is the step-deviation method?

The step-deviation method is a simplified approach to calculating the mean, where deviations from an assumed mean are taken to simplify calculations. It uses a class size for adjustments.

QWhen is the assumed mean method useful?

The assumed mean method is particularly useful when dealing with large data sets, as it helps reduce the complexity of calculations by assuming a mean value around which to calculate deviations.

QHow do you form a frequency distribution table?

To form a frequency distribution table, organize the data into class intervals, count the number of observations in each interval (frequency), and then present this information in tabular format.

QCan you explain cumulative frequency distribution?

Cumulative frequency distribution accumulates frequencies for each class interval, showing the total count of observations that fall below the upper limit of each interval.

QWhat is a class mark?

A class mark is the midpoint of a class interval, calculated as (lower limit + upper limit)/2, and is used to represent observations within that class.

QWhy is cumulative frequency important?

Cumulative frequency is important as it helps in understanding the distribution of data and identifying percentiles and quartiles, facilitating deeper insights into data analysis.

QHow do we calculate the frequency of a class interval?

The frequency of a class interval is obtained by counting the number of observations that fall within that interval. This is done during data collection and tabulation.

QWhat is the difference between mean, median, and mode?

The mean is the average of all values, the median is the middle value when arranged in order, and the mode is the most frequently occurring value in the dataset.

QWhen should you use the median instead of the mean?

You should use the median when the data contains outliers or is skewed, as the median provides a better representation of the central tendency in such cases.

QWhat does it mean if a distribution has more than one mode?

If a distribution has more than one mode, it is termed multimodal, indicating that there are multiple values that occur with the highest frequency.

QHow do you calculate the mean using the assumed mean method?

In the assumed mean method, first choose an assumed mean, calculate deviations from this mean, then sum these deviations multiplied by their frequencies. Finally, adjust the result to find the final mean.

QWhat is an ogive curve?

An ogive curve, or cumulative frequency curve, represents the cumulative frequencies of a data set, showing the total number of observations less than or equal to each class interval.

QWhy do we use grouped frequency distributions?

Grouped frequency distributions simplify large datasets, making analysis easier. They allow for better visualization of data patterns and trends, which is crucial for statistical analysis.

QWhat assumptions are made when using the midpoint rule?

The midpoint rule assumes that all frequencies are uniformly distributed across the class interval, which may not always be the case; inaccuracies can arise from this assumption.

QHow do outliers affect the mean?

Outliers can significantly skew the mean, pulling it in the direction of the extreme value, hence often making the mean less representative of the central tendency of the data.

QWhat is the cumulative frequency of the first class?

The cumulative frequency of the first class is simply its own frequency, as no previous classes exist to tally with. It serves as the base for subsequent classes.

QHow can cumulative frequencies help in data representation?

Cumulative frequencies allow for the representation of data distribution in a way that makes it easy to see how many observations fall below certain thresholds, aiding predictive analysis.

QWhat is the importance of understanding statistical measures?

Understanding statistical measures is crucial as they provide insights into data trends, assist in decision-making, and enable effective communication of data-driven conclusions.

QCan we obtain the mode from a cumulative frequency table?

No, the mode is directly derived from the frequency distribution table. However, cumulative frequency tables help identify the modal class for further analysis.

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Statistics Flashcards

Revise key terms and definitions from Statistics with interactive flashcards. Quick recall practice for CBSE Class 10 Mathematics.

These flash cards cover important concepts from Statistics in Mathematics for Class 10 (Mathematics).

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What is Statistics?

1/19

Statistics is the branch of mathematics dealing with data collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization.

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2/19

How is the mean of a dataset calculated?

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The mean is calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of observations: Mean (x) = Σ(fx)/Σf.

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3/19

What is grouped data?

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Grouped data is a representation of data organized into classes or intervals, categorizing individual observations.

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4/19

What is the class mark?

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The class mark is the midpoint of a class interval, calculated as (Lower limit + Upper limit) / 2.

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Define cumulative frequency.

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Cumulative frequency is the running total of frequencies up to a class interval, showing the number of observations less than or equal to a certain point.

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What is an ogive?

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An ogive is a cumulative frequency graph that shows the number of observations below a particular value.

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How is the median found in grouped data?

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The median is found using the formula: Median = L + ((N/2 - CF) / f) * h, where L is the lower boundary of the median class, CF is cumulative frequency before the median class, f is frequency of the median class, and h is class width.

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What is the formula for mode in grouped data?

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Mode = L + ((f1 - f0) / ((f1 - f0) + (f1 - f2))) * h, where L is the lower limit of the modal class, f1 is the frequency of the modal class, f0 is the frequency of the class before it, and f2 is the frequency of the class after it.

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What is a frequency distribution?

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A frequency distribution is a table that displays the frequency of various outcomes in a dataset, often showing how often each value occurs.

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What is the direct method for finding mean?

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In the direct method, the mean is calculated directly from the data values and their frequencies without any adjustments.

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What is the Assumed Mean Method?

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The Assumed Mean Method simplifies mean calculation by assuming a mean value (a) and calculating deviations from it.

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Explain the Step-Deviation Method.

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In the Step-Deviation Method, we divide the deviations from an assumed mean by the class width to simplify calculations, making it easier to compute the mean.

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Can you provide an example of calculating mean?

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Using data from marks obtained by students, the mean can be calculated as the total of (frequency × class mark) divided by total frequency.

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What is the main difference between mean, median, and mode?

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Mean is the average, median is the middle value when data is ordered, and mode is the most frequently occurring value.

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What are some common mistakes in Statistics?

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Common mistakes include miscalculating frequency totals, confusing class intervals, and incorrect application of formulas.

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What is a histogram?

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A histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data using bars to show the frequency of data within certain ranges.

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Why is data representation important?

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Data representation is important for visualizing data, making it easier to understand trends, patterns, and comparisons.

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What are the methods of data collection?

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Common methods include surveys, experiments, observations, and existing data analysis.

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Where is Statistics used in real life?

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Statistics is used in various fields including economics, medicine, psychology, and sociology, for analyzing and making decisions based on data.

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