Revision Guide: वाच्‍य परिवर्तन

कर्तृवाच्य is when the doer (कर्ता) is the main focus in a sentence. The verb agrees with the कर्ता in gender, number, and person. Example: 'राम: गृहं गच्छति' where 'राम' is the कर्ता.

कर्मवाच्य focuses on the object (कर्म) of the action. The verb agrees with the कर्म. Example: 'रामेण गृहं गम्यते' where 'गृहम्' is the कर्म.

भाववाच्य emphasizes the action itself, not the doer or the object. The verb is always in the third person singular. Example: 'मया सुप्यते' where the action of sleeping is highlighted.

In कर्तृवाच्य, the कर्ता is in प्रथमा विभक्ति (nominative case). Example: 'राम: पठति' where 'राम:' is in प्रथमा.

In कर्मवाच्य, the कर्ता is in तृतीया विभक्ति (instrumental case). Example: 'रामेण पठ्यते' where 'रामेण' is in तृतीया.

In भाववाच्य, the कर्ता is in तृतीया विभक्ति. Example: 'मया सुप्यते' where 'मया' is in तृतीया.

In कर्मवाच्य, the कर्म is in प्रथमा विभक्ति. Example: 'गृहं गम्यते' where 'गृहम्' is in प्रथमा.

To change from कर्तृवाच्य to कर्मवाच्य, the कर्ता moves to तृतीया and the verb changes form. Example: 'राम: पठति' becomes 'रामेण पठ्यते'.

To change from कर्तृवाच्य to भाववाच्य, the कर्ता moves to तृतीया and the verb changes to third person singular. Example: 'राम: पठति' becomes 'रामेण पठ्यते'.

To change from कर्मवाच्य to कर्तृवाच्य, the कर्ता moves to प्रथमा and the verb changes form. Example: 'रामेण पठ्यते' becomes 'राम: पठति'.

To change from भाववाच्य to कर्तृवाच्य, the कर्ता moves to प्रथमा and the verb changes form. Example: 'मया सुप्यते' becomes 'अहं सुपामि'.

In कर्तृवाच्य, the verb is in active voice and agrees with the कर्ता. Example: 'राम: पठति' where 'पठति' agrees with 'राम:'.

In कर्मवाच्य, the verb is in passive voice and agrees with the कर्म. Example: 'रामेण पठ्यते' where 'पठ्यते' agrees with 'गृहम्'.

In भाववाच्य, the verb is in passive voice and is always in third person singular. Example: 'मया सुप्यते' where 'सुप्यते' is singular.

Examples of कर्तृवाच्य: 'बालिका पाठं पठति', 'सैनिक: देशं रक्षति'.

Examples of कर्मवाच्य: 'रामेण गृहं गम्यते', 'विद्यार्थिभिः पाठ: पठ्यते'.

Examples of भाववाच्य: 'मया सुप्यते', 'तव्या आस्यते'.

कर्तृवाच्य focuses on the doer, while कर्मवाच्य focuses on the object. The verb forms and cases of कर्ता and कर्म differ.

कर्मवाच्य focuses on the object, while भाववाच्य focuses on the action. The verb in भाववाच्य is always singular.

Rules for वाच्य परिवर्तन include changing the case of कर्ता and कर्म, and modifying the verb form to match the new वाच्य.