Revision Guide
Learn about कारक (case) and विभक्ति (declension) in Hindi grammar to understand the role of nouns in sentences.
कारक और विभक्ति - Quick Look Revision Guide
Your 1-page summary of the most exam-relevant takeaways from Vyakaranavithi.
This compact guide covers 20 must-know concepts from कारक और विभक्ति aligned with Class X preparation for Sanskrit. Ideal for last-minute revision or daily review.
Complete study summary
Essential formulas, key terms, and important concepts for quick reference and revision.
Key Points
Define कारक with an example.
कारक refers to the relation between the action and the noun in a sentence. For example, in 'रामः फलं खादति', 'रामः' is the कर्ता (doer) and 'फलं' is the कर्म (object).
List the six types of कारक.
The six types are कर्ता (doer), कर्म (object), करण (instrument), सम्प्रदान (recipient), अपादान (separation), and अधिकरण (location). Each has a specific role in the sentence.
Explain कर्ता कारक with an example.
कर्ता is the doer of the action. In 'सीता पुस्तकं पठति', 'सीता' is the कर्ता as she is performing the action of reading.
What is कर्म कारक? Give an example.
कर्म is the object of the action. In 'बालकः फलं खादति', 'फलं' is the कर्म as it is being eaten.
Define करण कारक with an example.
करण is the instrument with which the action is performed. In 'छात्रः लेखन्या लिखति', 'लेखन्या' (pen) is the करण.
Explain सम्प्रदान कारक with an example.
सम्प्रदान is the recipient of the action. In 'गुरुः शिष्याय पुस्तकं ददाति', 'शिष्याय' is the सम्प्रदान as he is receiving the book.
What is अपादान कारक? Provide an example.
अपादान indicates separation. In 'वृक्षात् पत्रं पतति', 'वृक्षात्' is the अपादान as the leaf is falling from the tree.
Define अधिकरण कारक with an example.
अधिकरण denotes the location of the action. In 'गृहे बालकः पठति', 'गृहे' is the अधिकरण as the action is happening at home.
List the seven विभक्ति cases in Sanskrit.
The seven cases are प्रथमा (nominative), द्वितीया (accusative), तृतीया (instrumental), चतुर्थी (dative), पञ्चमी (ablative), षष्ठी (genitive), and सप्तमी (locative).
Explain प्रथमा विभक्ति with an example.
प्रथमा is used for the subject. In 'रामः गच्छति', 'रामः' is in प्रथमा as he is the subject.
What is द्वितीया विभक्ति? Give an example.
द्वितीया is used for the object. In 'सीता पुस्तकं पठति', 'पुस्तकं' is in द्वितीया as it is the object.
Define तृतीया विभक्ति with an example.
तृतीया indicates the instrument. In 'छात्रः लेखन्या लिखति', 'लेखन्या' is in तृतीया as it is the instrument.
Explain चतुर्थी विभक्ति with an example.
चतुर्थी is used for the recipient. In 'गुरुः शिष्याय पुस्तकं ददाति', 'शिष्याय' is in चतुर्थी as he is the recipient.
What is पञ्चमी विभक्ति? Provide an example.
पञ्चमी indicates separation. In 'वृक्षात् पत्रं पतति', 'वृक्षात्' is in पञ्चमी as it shows separation.
Define षष्ठी विभक्ति with an example.
षष्ठी shows possession. In 'रामस्य पुस्तकम्', 'रामस्य' is in षष्ठी as it shows possession of the book.
Explain सप्तमी विभक्ति with an example.
सप्तमी denotes location. In 'गृहे बालकः पठति', 'गृहे' is in सप्तमी as it shows the location of the action.
What is the role of विभक्ति in Sanskrit grammar?
विभक्ति cases help in identifying the relationship between words in a sentence, ensuring clarity and correct meaning.
How to identify the कारक in a sentence?
Identify the action, then find who is doing it (कर्ता), what is being done to (कर्म), with what (करण), to whom (सम्प्रदान), from what (अपादान), and where (अधिकरण).
Common mistake: Confusing कर्म and करण.
Remember, कर्म is the object of the action, while करण is the instrument. For example, in 'बालकः लेखन्या पत्रं लिखति', 'पत्रं' is कर्म and 'लेखन्या' is करण.
Memory hack: Use acronym KKS SAA for कारक types.
KKS SAA stands for कर्ता, कर्म, करण, सम्प्रदान, अपादान, अधिकरण. This helps in remembering the six types of कारक.
धातुरूप सामान्य परिचय अध्याय में संस्कृत भाषा के धातुओं के रूपों का सामान्य परिचय और उनके प्रयोग की मूल बातें सीखाई जाती हैं।
उपसर्ग अध्याय में छात्र उपसर्गों के प्रयोग और उनके अर्थ को समझेंगे, जो शब्दों के पहले जुड़कर उनके अर्थ में परिवर्तन लाते हैं।
अव्यय शब्दों का अध्ययन जो लिंग, वचन और काल के अनुसार नहीं बदलते हैं।
प्रत्यय अध्याय में शब्दों के अंत में जोड़े जाने वाले प्रत्ययों और उनके प्रभावों के बारे में सीखें।
समास परिचय अध्याय में हम समास के मूलभूत सिद्धांतों, प्रकारों और उनके प्रयोग को समझेंगे।
