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CBSE
Class 10
Sanskrit
Abhyaswaan Bhav - II
वाच्यम्

Revision Guide

Practice Hub

Revision Guide: वाच्यम्

वाच्यम् अध्यायस्ति वाक्यानां प्रयोगे समर्पितं, यत्र वाक्यानां साधारण प्रयोगः दर्शितः। अस्य अध्यायस्य उद्देश्यं छात्राणां वाक्यनिर्माण कौशलं प्रबोधयितुं अस्ति।

Structured practice

वाच्यम् - Quick Look Revision Guide

Your 1-page summary of the most exam-relevant takeaways from Abhyaswaan Bhav - II.

This compact guide covers 20 must-know concepts from वाच्यम् aligned with Class X preparation for Sanskrit. Ideal for last-minute revision or daily review.

Revision Guide

Revision guide

Complete study summary

Essential formulas, key terms, and important concepts for quick reference and revision.

Key Points

1

वाच्यम् defines the focus of a sentence: कर्तृ, कर्म, or भाव.

वाच्यम् indicates whether the sentence emphasizes the doer (कर्तृ), the action (कर्म), or the state (भाव). For example, 'बालकः पठति' focuses on the doer (कर्तृवाच्य).

2

कर्तृवाच्य emphasizes the doer with कर्ता in प्रथमा विभक्ति.

In कर्तृवाच्य, the doer is in nominative case (प्रथमा विभक्ति) and the verb agrees with it. Example: 'बालकः पठति' (The boy reads).

3

कर्मवाच्य emphasizes the action with कर्म in प्रथमा विभक्ति.

In कर्मवाच्य, the object becomes the focus, taking nominative case, and the verb is passive. Example: 'पुस्तकं पठ्यते' (The book is read).

4

भाववाच्य is used for intransitive verbs, focusing on the state.

भाववाच्य is used when the verb is intransitive (अकर्मक), focusing on the state or action without a direct object. Example: 'गम्यते' (Going happens).

5

कर्तृवाच्य to कर्मवाच्य conversion: कर्ता becomes तृतीया विभक्ति.

To convert कर्तृवाच्य to कर्मवाच्य, the doer changes to instrumental case (तृतीया विभक्ति), and the verb becomes passive. Example: 'बालकेन पुस्तकं पठ्यते'.

6

कर्मवाच्य to कर्तृवाच्य: कर्म becomes द्वितीया विभक्ति.

To revert कर्मवाच्य to कर्तृवाच्य, the object takes accusative case (द्वितीया विभक्ति), and the verb becomes active. Example: 'बालकः पुस्तकं पठति'.

7

भाववाच्य verbs are always in प्रथम पुरुष एकवचन.

In भाववाच्य, the verb is invariably in third person singular form, regardless of the doer's number or gender. Example: 'गम्यते' (for any doer).

8

अकर्मक धातुs (intransitive verbs) only use कर्तृवाच्य or भाववाच्य.

Verbs like 'हस्' (to laugh) are अकर्मक and don't have a कर्मवाच्य form. They're either कर्तृवाच्य ('बालकः हसति') or भाववाच्य ('हस्यते').

9

सकर्मक धातुs (transitive verbs) can be in all three वाच्यs.

Verbs like 'पठ्' (to read) are सकर्मक and can be in कर्तृवाच्य ('बालकः पठति'), कर्मवाच्य ('पुस्तकं पठ्यते'), or भाववाच्य if context allows.

10

Passive voice in Sanskrit is always कर्मवाच्य.

Unlike English, Sanskrit's passive voice strictly corresponds to कर्मवाच्य, where the object is in nominative and the verb is passive. Example: 'फलं खाद्यते' (The fruit is eaten).

11

प्रेरणार्थक verbs can also be in कर्मवाच्य.

Causative verbs (प्रेरणार्थक) can be in कर्मवाच्य, showing the caused action. Example: 'अध्यापकेन छात्रः पाठयते' (The student is made to study by the teacher).

12

Remember: कर्मवाच्य verbs end with 'यते', 'यन्ते' etc.

कर्मवाच्य verbs typically have passive endings like 'यते' (singular) or 'यन्ते' (plural). Example: 'पठ्यते' (is read), 'पठ्यन्ते' (are read).

13

भाववाच्य is rare and mostly for abstract actions.

भाववाच्य is less common and used for abstract or general actions without specifying a doer. Example: 'श्रूयते' (It is heard).

14

कर्तृवाच्य is the default and most common वाच्य.

Most sentences are in कर्तृवाच्य, focusing on the doer with active verbs. Example: 'सः गच्छति' (He goes).

15

वाच्य changes do not alter the sentence's core meaning.

Changing वाच्य rearranges emphasis but keeps the essential meaning. 'बालकः पठति' and 'बालकेन पुस्तकं पठ्यते' both convey reading.

16

Use कर्मवाच्य to emphasize the action or object.

कर्मवाच्य is useful when the action or object is more important than the doer. Example: 'विद्यालये पाठः पठ्यते' (The lesson is read in school).

17

भाववाच्य often omits the doer entirely.

In भाववाच्य, the doer is usually irrelevant or unknown, so it's omitted. Example: 'उद्याने हस्यते' (Laughing happens in the garden).

18

कर्तृवाच्य to भाववाच्य: verb changes to प्रथम पुरुष एकवचन.

Converting कर्तृवाच्य to भाववाच्य involves changing the verb to third person singular, regardless of the original doer. Example: 'बालकाः हसन्ति' → 'हस्यते'.

19

कर्मवाच्य is essential for formal or impersonal expressions.

कर्मवाच्य is preferred in formal, academic, or impersonal contexts where the doer is less relevant. Example: 'नियमाः पाल्यन्ते' (Rules are followed).

20

Practice with common verbs: पठ्, लिख्, गम्, खाद्, etc.

Master वाच्य by practicing with frequent verbs. Convert between कर्तृवाच्य, कर्मवाच्य, and भाववाच्य for verbs like read (पठ्), write (लिख्), go (गम्), eat (खाद्).

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Chapters related to "वाच्यम्"

सन्धिः

अयं अध्यायः सन्धिः इति सम्बद्धः अस्ति, यत्र सन्धीनां अर्थं च प्रकारानां विषये शिक्षां ददाति। सन्धिः संस्कृतभाषायाः महत्वपूर्णं अंगं अस्ति।

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समासा:

इस अध्याय में समासों का वर्णन किया गया है, जो संस्कृत व्याकरण का एक महत्वपूर्ण भाग है। समासों का ज्ञान लेखन और बोलने में स्पष्टता लाने में सहायक होता है।

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प्रत्यया:

अधिकरणप्रतययाः विशेषः भागः, यः संस्कृतभाषायां वाक्याणां रचनायाम् अत्यन्तं महत्वपूर्णः। यतः प्रतययः वाक्ये विशेषार्थं जनयति।

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अव्ययानि

अव्ययानि पाठः अव्ययपदानां विवेचनं करोति, यैः वाक्येषु सहकारी पादाः कार्यं करोति। एषः पाठः वाक्यसंरचनायां महत्वपूर्णः अस्ति।

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समय:

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अशुद्धिसंशोधना

अशुद्धिसंशोधना अध्यायस्य उद्देशः अशुद्ध वाक्यानां शोधनम् अस्ति। एषः विषयः संस्कृत भाषायाः स्पष्टता एवं संवादस्य सुस्पष्टता वर्धयितुं आवश्यक अस्ति।

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मिश्रिताभ्यासः

एषः अभ्यासनविधिः विशेषतः आत्मदर्शनस्य महत्वं बोधयति। आत्मघातस्य कारणानि च समाधानानि विवेच्यन्ते।

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आदर्शप्रश्नपत्रम्

आदर्शप्रश्नपत्रम् अध्याय में परीक्षा के लिए आदर्श प्रश्नपत्र का प्रारूप प्रस्तुत किया गया है। यह छात्रों के अध्ययन की प्रक्रिया को सरल बनाता है।

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