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CBSE
Class 10
Sanskrit
Vyakaranavithi
सन्धि

Revision Guide

सन्धि

Revision Guide

सन्धि

सन्धि अध्याय में दो वर्णों के मेल से होने वाले परिवर्तनों का अध्ययन किया जाता है।

सन्धि - Quick Look Revision Guide

Your 1-page summary of the most exam-relevant takeaways from Vyakaranavithi.

This compact guide covers 20 must-know concepts from सन्धि aligned with Class X preparation for Sanskrit. Ideal for last-minute revision or daily review.

Revision Guide

Revision guide

Complete study summary

Essential formulas, key terms, and important concepts for quick reference and revision.

Key Points

1

Define सन्धि with an example.

सन्धि refers to the combination of two letters coming together to form a new sound. Example: विद्या + आलयः = विद्यालयः.

2

Types of सन्धि: स्वर, व्यञ्जन, विसर्ग.

सन्धि is classified into three types based on the letters involved: स्वर सन्धि (vowel combinations), व्यञ्जन सन्धि (consonant combinations), and विसर्ग सन्धि (visarga combinations).

3

दीर्घ सन्धि rule.

When two similar vowels come together, they combine to form a long vowel. Example: अ + अ = आ, इ + इ = ई.

4

गुण सन्धि examples.

अ or आ followed by इ or ई becomes ए; अ or आ followed by उ or ऊ becomes ओ. Example: देव + इन्द्रः = देवेन्द्रः.

5

वृद्धि सन्धि explained.

अ or आ followed by ए or ऐ becomes ऐ; अ or आ followed by ओ or औ becomes औ. Example: एक + एकम् = एकैकम्.

6

यण् सन्धि rule.

इ, उ, ऋ, लृ followed by a dissimilar vowel are replaced by य्, व्, र्, ल् respectively. Example: इति + आदि = इत्यादि.

7

अयादि सन्धि examples.

ए, ऐ, ओ, औ followed by a vowel are replaced by अय्, आय्, अव्, आव् respectively. Example: ने + अनम् = नयनम्.

8

पूर्वरूप सन्धि.

When ए or ओ is followed by अ, the अ is absorbed into the preceding vowel, marked by an avagraha. Example: हरे + अव = हरेऽव.

9

प्रगृह्य संज्ञा.

Certain dual forms ending in ई, ऊ, or ए do not undergo सन्धि. Example: कवी + इच्छति = कवी इच्छति.

10

पररूप सन्धि.

In upasargas, अ followed by ए or ओ remains unchanged. Example: उप + ओषति = उपोषति.

11

श्चुत्व सन्धि.

स् or त् followed by श् or च् becomes श्च्. Example: मनस् + चलति = मनश्चलति.

12

ष्टुत्व सन्धि.

स् or त् followed by ष् or ट् becomes ष्ट्. Example: रामस् + षष्ठः = रामष्षष्ठः.

13

जश्त्व सन्धि.

At the end of a word, झल् letters are replaced by जश् letters. Example: वाक् + ईशः = वागीशः.

14

चर्त्व सन्धि.

In certain conditions, त् becomes च्. Example: सत् + जनः = सज्जनः.

15

अनुस्वार सन्धि.

म् at the end of a word becomes अनुस्वार (ं) before a consonant. Example: हरिम् + वदे = हरिं वदे.

16

परसवर्ण सन्धि.

अनुस्वार changes to the nasal of the following consonant's class. Example: सं + कल्पः = सङ्कल्पः.

17

लोप सन्धि.

When र् is followed by र्, the first र् is dropped and the preceding vowel is lengthened. Example: स्वर् + राजः = स्वराजः.

18

विसर्ग सन्धि: सत्व.

विसर्ग (ः) before श्, ष्, स्, or त् becomes स्, श्, or ष् respectively. Example: तपः + ते = तपस्ते.

19

विसर्ग सन्धि: रुत्व.

विसर्ग (ः) before a vowel or soft consonant becomes र्. Example: मुनिः + अहम् = मुनिरहम्.

20

विसर्ग सन्धि: उत्व.

विसर्ग (ः) after अ and before a hard consonant becomes उ. Example: बालः + गच्छति = बालो गच्छति.

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